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Volledige Samenvatting Politicologie
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Volledige samenvatting van politicologie (alle lessen). Zowel slides, lesnotities en bepaalde delen uit de syllabus zijn verwerkt.
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POLITICOLOGIEACADEMIEJAAR 2021-2022, SEMESTER 2
Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1. Wat is politiek?..........................................................................6
1. Inleiding....................................................................................................................... 6
2. Wat is politiek? Op zoek naar een omschrijving..........................................................6
Oorsprong van het begrip.............................................................................................6
Bevolking op een territorium?......................................................................................6
Van nachtwaker naar nanny.........................................................................................6
3. Geschiedenis............................................................................................................... 7
4. Indelingen: Essentialy Contested Concept?.................................................................7
5. De relativiteit van indelingen: over Schmitt en Easton................................................7
Carl Schmitt.................................................................................................................. 7
Chantal Mouffe............................................................................................................. 8
David Easton................................................................................................................ 8
Schmitt versus Easton..................................................................................................9
6. Uitleiding..................................................................................................................... 9
Hoofdstuk 3. Ideologieën..............................................................................11
1. Wat is ideologie?....................................................................................................... 11
2. Morfologie van ideologieën (Heywood)......................................................................11
3. Links en rechts.......................................................................................................... 11
Inleiding...................................................................................................................... 11
Oorsprong................................................................................................................... 11
Ontdubbeling Links-Rechts......................................................................................... 12
Alternatieve voorstelling............................................................................................. 12
4. Ideologieën: een overzicht........................................................................................12
Liberalisme................................................................................................................. 12
Conservatisme............................................................................................................ 13
Christen-Democratie................................................................................................... 13
Socialisme.................................................................................................................. 14
Nationalisme............................................................................................................... 14
Ecologisme................................................................................................................. 14
End of ideology?......................................................................................................... 14
Populisme................................................................................................................... 15
Hoofdstuk 4. Macht......................................................................................16
1. Wat is macht?............................................................................................................ 16
2. Dimensies van macht................................................................................................ 16
Hoofdstuk 5. Elites.......................................................................................18
1. Inleiding..................................................................................................................... 18
1
, 2. België is een elitair politiek systeem.........................................................................18
3. ‘Rule by all’, ‘rule by a happy few’ of ‘rule by many’.................................................18
Pluralisme: Rule by all................................................................................................ 18
Elitisme: rule by a happy few......................................................................................18
Neocorporatisme: rule by many.................................................................................18
Hoofdstuk 6. De massa.................................................................................21
1. Politieke cultuur......................................................................................................... 21
Toonaangevende onderzoekers..................................................................................21
Subculturen en breuklijnen......................................................................................... 21
Breuklijnen (traditionele + nieuwe)............................................................................23
Inschatting waar de partijen staan op een L/R-schaal bij breuklijnen.........................23
2. Politieke socialisatie.................................................................................................. 24
Socialisatieagenten.................................................................................................... 24
Levensfase................................................................................................................. 25
3. Politieke participatie.................................................................................................. 25
Participatieladder van Arnstein...................................................................................25
Invited en invented spaces......................................................................................... 26
Discussie over participatie.......................................................................................... 26
Ongelijkheden in politieke participatie........................................................................26
Stemgedrag................................................................................................................ 26
Een volatieler electoraat............................................................................................. 28
Hoofdstuk 7. Partijen....................................................................................29
1. Wat is een politieke partij?........................................................................................29
Wat en Waarom?........................................................................................................ 29
Politieke partijen versus drukkingsgroepen................................................................29
2. Hoe ontstaan politieke partijen?................................................................................29
Institutionele benadering............................................................................................ 29
Breuklijnenmodel van Lipset en Rokkan.....................................................................30
Theorie rond het ontstaan van Nieuwe sociale bewegingen.......................................30
3. Typologieën van politieke partijen.............................................................................30
Kaderpartij.................................................................................................................. 30
Massapartij................................................................................................................. 30
Catch-all partijen........................................................................................................ 30
Kartelpartijen.............................................................................................................. 31
Business-firm partijen................................................................................................. 31
Mediapartijen.............................................................................................................. 31
4. Functies van politieke partijen...................................................................................32
Programmatische functies.......................................................................................... 32
Positionele functies..................................................................................................... 32
Civiele functies........................................................................................................... 32
5. Disfuncties................................................................................................................. 32
Particratie................................................................................................................... 32
Partijdiscipline............................................................................................................ 32
Vermindering waardenpluralisme...............................................................................32
Oligarchisering........................................................................................................... 32
Polarisering................................................................................................................. 32
2
, Politisering.................................................................................................................. 32
6. Einde van partijen?.................................................................................................... 33
Hoofdstuk 8. Staat en parlement...................................................................34
1. Inleiding..................................................................................................................... 34
2. De staat..................................................................................................................... 34
Wat is een Staat?........................................................................................................ 34
Begrippen die aanleunen bij de staat.........................................................................35
Burgerschap............................................................................................................... 35
3. Typologieën van politieke stelsels.............................................................................36
Unitaire staat.............................................................................................................. 36
Federale staat............................................................................................................. 36
4. Parlementen.............................................................................................................. 36
Ontstaan en betekenis................................................................................................ 36
Samenvallende verkiezingen......................................................................................36
Functies van parlementen.......................................................................................... 37
Structurele kenmerken............................................................................................... 37
Wetgevende macht van het parlement......................................................................37
Controlerende taak van het parlement.......................................................................39
HOOfdstuk 9. De uitvoerende macht: de Regering.........................................41
1. Inleiding..................................................................................................................... 41
2. Staatshoofd............................................................................................................... 41
3. Vormen van de uitvoerende macht...........................................................................41
Presidentieel stelsel.................................................................................................... 41
Parlementair stelsel.................................................................................................... 41
Semi-presidentieel regime.......................................................................................... 41
4. UM in België.............................................................................................................. 41
Koning........................................................................................................................ 41
Premier....................................................................................................................... 42
Ministers en staatssecretarissen.................................................................................42
Ministerraad, kernkabinet en kroonraad.....................................................................42
5. Formatie.................................................................................................................... 42
6. Ontslag regering........................................................................................................ 43
7. Lopende zaken.......................................................................................................... 43
8. Deelstaatregeringen..................................................................................................44
9. Ondersteuning regering............................................................................................44
Door Kabinetten......................................................................................................... 44
Begroting.................................................................................................................... 44
Rekenhof.................................................................................................................... 45
Raad van State........................................................................................................... 45
Grondwettelijk Hof...................................................................................................... 45
Overlegcomité............................................................................................................ 45
Hoofdstuk 10. Openbaar bestuur en beleidsvorming......................................46
1. Vier sferen maken de samenleving...........................................................................46
3
, De Staat versus de andere sferen..............................................................................46
Andere vormen van sturing........................................................................................47
2. De wereld van de publieke sector.............................................................................47
Kernbegrippen............................................................................................................ 47
Klassieke overheid...................................................................................................... 47
Semi-overheid............................................................................................................ 48
Overheid in netwerken met particuliere organisaties die publieke taken vervullen....48
Markt.......................................................................................................................... 48
3. Verschuivende opvattingen over organisatie en werking van overheid.....................49
3 paradigma’s............................................................................................................. 49
Klassieke bureaucratie............................................................................................... 51
New Public Management............................................................................................ 51
New Public governance.............................................................................................. 52
4. Hoeveel en welke overheid willen we?......................................................................52
% van het BBP als maatstaf?......................................................................................52
Hoofdstuk 11. DEmocratie en vertegenwoordiging.........................................53
1. Waarom democratie?................................................................................................ 53
2. Wat is democratie?.................................................................................................... 53
Democratische paradox.............................................................................................. 53
Visie van Jürgen Habermas......................................................................................... 53
3. Criteria en voorwaarden van democratie..................................................................53
Sociaal kapitaal.......................................................................................................... 54
4. De centrale principes van de liberale parlementaire democratie..............................54
5. Bestanddelen van democratie...................................................................................54
Door, voor en van het volk......................................................................................... 54
Deliberatieve democratie........................................................................................... 55
6. Pacificatiedemocratie................................................................................................57
Consociationalisme..................................................................................................... 57
Kenmerken pacificatiedemocratie..............................................................................57
Specifieke vorm politiek (conflict)beheer en pacificerende rol elites..........................57
Voorwaarden pacificatiedemocratie...........................................................................57
Hedendaagse betekenis............................................................................................. 58
7. Vertegenwoordiging..................................................................................................58
Democratie en vertegenwoordiging............................................................................58
Wat is vertegenwoordiging?.......................................................................................59
Vormen van vertegenwoordiging................................................................................59
8. Modellen van vertegenwoordiging.............................................................................59
Delegatiemodel.......................................................................................................... 59
Trusteemodel............................................................................................................. 60
Mandaatmodel............................................................................................................ 60
Resamblancemodel.................................................................................................... 60
Van onder/boven, voor/na.......................................................................................... 60
9. Uitleiding................................................................................................................... 60
Hoofdstuk 12. Verkiezingen en kiessystemen................................................61
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