Samenvatting van het vak 'Communicatiewetenschap' aan de UA.
SV bevat info uit de syllabus, slides & notities van de les.
(INCLUSIEF korte samenvatting alle communicatiemodellen & voorbeeldvragen)
(Ik behaalde een 16/20)
1 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................................................6
2 Basisconcepten en modellen ...........................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Wat is communicatie?..............................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Breek en discussiepunten in de definities van communicatie .................................................................7
2.2.1 Intentionaliteit als breekpunt ..........................................................................................................................7
2.2.2 Geslaagdheid als criterium ...............................................................................................................................7
2.2.3 Eenrichtings- of tweerichtingsverkeer..........................................................................................................7
2.2.4 Observatieniveau ..................................................................................................................................................8
2.3 Elementen in het communicatieproces ............................................................................................................8
2.4 Communicatiemodellen ....................................................................................................................................... 10
2.4.1 Communicatieformule van Lasswell........................................................................................................... 10
2.4.2 Mathematische model van Shannon & Weaver ................................................................................... 10
2.4.3 Verdere uitwerking van S&W-model door DeFleur ............................................................................ 11
2.4.4 Circulaire model van Osgood & Schramm (!!) ....................................................................................... 12
2.4.5 Spiraal van Dance .............................................................................................................................................. 12
2.4.6 Gerbners algemeen model van communicatie...................................................................................... 13
2.4.7 ABX-model van Newcomb............................................................................................................................. 13
2.4.8 Westley en MacLeans aanpassing van Newcombs ABX-model ..................................................... 14
2.4.9 Massacommunicatiemodel van Maletzke................................................................................................ 15
2.4.10 Ritueel model van communicatie .......................................................................................................... 15
2.4.11 Aandachtsmodel van McQuail ................................................................................................................ 16
2.4.12 “Masspersonal” communicatiemodel van O’Sullivan & Car ........................................................ 16
3 Verbale communicatie ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.1 Kenmerken “natuurlijke taal” ............................................................................................................................. 17
3.1.1 Taal is symbolisch .............................................................................................................................................. 17
3.1.2 Taal is een soort kennis ................................................................................................................................... 17
3.1.3 Taal is op regels gebaseerd en productief .............................................................................................. 17
3.1.4 Taal beïnvloedt de manier waarop we de wereld zien ....................................................................... 17
3.1.5 Taalvormen .......................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.2 Subsystemen van taal ........................................................................................................................................... 18
3.2.1 Klanken .................................................................................................................................................................. 18
3.2.2 Woorden ............................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.2.3 Zinnen .................................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.2.4 Sociale context van taal .................................................................................................................................. 18
3.3 Pragmatische stijlen & structuren .................................................................................................................... 19
6.2 Corporate communicatie ..................................................................................................................................... 29
6.2.1 Imago ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29
6.2.2 Identiteit ................................................................................................................................................................ 29
6.2.3 Image- of impressiemanagement d.m.v. corporate communicatie .............................................. 30
6.3 Marketingcommunicatie ...................................................................................................................................... 30
6.3.1 Marketingcommunicatiemix ......................................................................................................................... 30
6.3.2 Merken of brands .............................................................................................................................................. 31
7 Massacommunicatie: de mediaorganisatie ............................................................................................................. 31
7.1 Organisationele benadering van de nieuwsproductie............................................................................. 31
7.1.1 Organisatie-interne en -externe factoren die de nieuwsinhoud beïnvloeden .......................... 32
7.1.2 Dagbladbedrijf .................................................................................................................................................... 33
7.1.3 Televisiestation ................................................................................................................................................... 33
7.1.4 Druk van buitenaf .............................................................................................................................................. 33
7.2 Soap opera’s ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
7.2.1 Externe invloeden/druk op soaps ............................................................................................................... 34
8 Massacommunicatie: de inhoud .................................................................................................................................. 35
8.1 De mediatekst .......................................................................................................................................................... 35
8.1.1 Open versus gesloten teksten ...................................................................................................................... 35
8.1.2 Soorten lezingen/decoderingen.................................................................................................................. 35
8.1.3 Realisme van mediateksten ........................................................................................................................... 35
8.1.4 Analyse van mediateksten ............................................................................................................................. 36
8.2 Mediagenres ............................................................................................................................................................. 36
8.2.1 Reality TV .............................................................................................................................................................. 37
8.2.2 Journalistieke satire/nieuwssatire ............................................................................................................... 37
9 Massacommunicatie: het publiek ................................................................................................................................ 37
9.1 Veranderende publieksconcepten ................................................................................................................... 37
9.2 Publieksonderzoek ................................................................................................................................................. 37
9.2.1 Onderzoekstradities ......................................................................................................................................... 37
9.3 Meting van kijkcijfers ............................................................................................................................................ 38
9.4 Structurele verklaringen voor tv-kijken ......................................................................................................... 38
9.4.1 Uses and gratifications (U&G) – mediagebruik als doelbewuste behoeftebevrediging ....... 39
10 Massacommunicatie: effecten ................................................................................................................................ 41
10.1 “Almacht van de media”-paradigma............................................................................................................... 41
10.1.1 Onderzoek naar propaganda .................................................................................................................. 41
10.1.2 Payne fund studies....................................................................................................................................... 41
10.1.3 War of the worlds ......................................................................................................................................... 42
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