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Samenvatting hoorcolleges Psychologische modellen van hulpverlening
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Samenvatting van 126 pagina's voor openboek examen Psychologische modellen van hulpverlening. (Schakelstudent)
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Samenvatting psychologische modellen:1. Empirically supported treatments (EST’S) ..................................................................................... 5
1.1 Bedenkingen ................................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 Therapeutische relatie-factoren .................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Therapeutische relatie-factoren bij kinderen en jongeren ............................................................. 5
1.2 Modernisme en postmodernisme .................................................................................................. 6
1.2.1 Modernisme................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2.2 Postmodernisme ........................................................................................................................ 7
1.2.3 Postmodernisme en psychotherapie .......................................................................................... 8
1.2.4 Evidence based? ........................................................................................................................ 8
1.3 Besluit ............................................................................................................................................ 9
2. Gedragstherapie ................................................................................................................................ 9
2.1 Kenmerken van de gedragstherapie....................................................................................... 10
2.2 De therapeutische relatie binnen het gedragstherapeutisch kader ........................................ 10
2.3 Gedragstherapie en psychopathology .................................................................................... 10
2.4 Leermodel ............................................................................................................................... 11
2.5 Persoonlijkheid binnen het CGT kader ................................................................................... 11
2.2.1 The many waves of CBT .......................................................................................................... 11
First wave ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Second wave ................................................................................................................................ 12
Third Wave .................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.2 Klinische conceptualisatie: van leertheorie naar cognitieve gedragstherapie ......................... 14
Aanmelding ................................................................................................................................... 15
Klachtenanalyse............................................................................................................................ 16
De voorlopige probleemsamenhang ............................................................................................. 19
3 Gedrapstherapie college 3............................................................................................................... 22
3.1 Probleem-analyse & diagnosestelling ......................................................................................... 22
Onderkenning – probleemanalyse ................................................................................................ 22
Verklaring, diagnosesteling ........................................................................................................... 22
Onderkenning versus verklaring ................................................................................................... 22
Operationalisering van onderzoeksvragen en hypothesen .......................................................... 23
3.2 Vragenlijsten en semi-gestructureerde intervieuws .................................................................... 23
3.3 Metingen...................................................................................................................................... 23
3.4 Topografische analyse ................................................................................................................ 26
3.5 Klassieke & operante component ............................................................................................... 27
3.6 Klassieke conditionering & de klassieke component .................................................................. 28
3.6.1 Klassieke conditionering (Pavlov) ........................................................................................ 28
3 paden naar aanleren betekenissen ....................................................................................... 28
Differentiatie ............................................................................................................................. 28
Generalisatie ............................................................................................................................ 28
Generalisatie in psychopathologie ........................................................................................... 29
3.6.2 Klassieke component ........................................................................................................... 29
Betekenisanalyse ..................................................................................................................... 29
Individueel bepaald ................................................................................................................... 30
CS:............................................................................................................................................ 30
CR: ........................................................................................................................................... 30
UCS/UCR: ................................................................................................................................ 31
, De aard van het verband tussen CS en UCS/UCR .................................................................. 31
Sequentieel versus referentieel ................................................................................................ 31
3.7 Operante conditionering & de operante component ................................................................... 32
Thorndike & Skinner ................................................................................................................. 32
De operante leerprincipes ............................................................................................................. 32
Bekrachteging: ....................................................................................................................... 32
Primaire en secundaire bekrachtigers ...................................................................................... 33
Extrinsieke versus intrinsieke bekrachtiging............................................................................. 33
Bestraffing: ............................................................................................................................. 33
3.7.1 De operante component ...................................................................................................... 34
SD:............................................................................................................................................ 35
R: .............................................................................................................................................. 35
SR:............................................................................................................................................ 35
4 Gedragstherapie college 4............................................................................................................... 36
4.1 Hollistische theorie ...................................................................................................................... 37
4.2 Indicatiestelling – advies ............................................................................................................. 37
1. Keuze van het eerste te bewerken probleem ........................................................................... 37
Volgens Linehan: ...................................................................................................................... 38
2. Formuleren behandeldoelen ..................................................................................................... 38
Indicatiestelling ......................................................................................................................... 40
Interventies intermediaire doelstellingen operante analyse.......................................................... 40
Koppelen van component, intermediare doel en interventie .................................................... 41
4.3 Overzicht behandelingtechnieken ............................................................................................... 41
4.3.1 First wave CBT .................................................................................................................... 42
4.3.2 Second wave TBC ................................................................................................................... 45
4.3.3 Third wave CBT ....................................................................................................................... 47
5. Psychodynamisch denkkader ........................................................................................................ 51
5.1 Pscyhodynamisch ....................................................................................................................... 51
5.2 Doelstelling .................................................................................................................................. 51
5.3 Psychoanalytisch gedachtengoed............................................................................................... 51
5.4 Psychodynamische psychotherapie ............................................................................................ 51
5.5 Modellen waarop hulpverlening gebaserd is ............................................................................... 51
5.6 Psychoanalyse ............................................................................................................................ 52
5.6.1 Freud .................................................................................................................................... 52
5.6.2 Symptoom als taal: hysterie ................................................................................................. 52
5.6.3 Infra psychisch leven is dynamisch verbonden (freud) ....................................................... 52
Freud: ............................................................................................................................................ 53
Motivatietheorie ........................................................................................................................ 53
Drifttheorie ................................................................................................................................ 53
Conflicttheorie ........................................................................................................................... 53
5.6.4 Ontwikkeling van verlangen en angst .................................................................................. 53
5.6.5 Ontwikkeling van ego en van verdediging tegen angst ....................................................... 53
5.6.6 Freud’s psychoanalyse in het kort ....................................................................................... 54
5.7 Ego- (ik-zelf) psychologie ............................................................................................................ 54
5.7.1 Ego: functionele eenheid en subject .................................................................................... 54
Ik- ontwikkeling ......................................................................................................................... 54
Ik-zwakte vs ik-sterkte .............................................................................................................. 54
5.8 Objectrelationele psycho-analytische psychotherapie ................................................................ 54
5.9 Hechtingsonderzoek ................................................................................................................... 55
5.10 Neuropsychoanalyse ................................................................................................................. 55
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, 5.10.1 Hermeneutische diagnostiek: integratie van modellen ...................................................... 55
6. Systeemtherapie college 6 ............................................................................................................. 59
6.1 Inleidende beschouwingen over psychotherapie en verschillende modellen ............................. 59
6.1.1 Setting of model? ................................................................................................................. 59
6.1.2 Onderzoek naar psychotherapie: welke factoren zorgen voor verandering? ...................... 59
6.1.3 Uitkomstenonderzoek: werkt deze therapie? ...................................................................... 60
6.1.4 Procesonderzoek ................................................................................................................. 60
6.2 Het normatieve kader van Alan Carr ........................................................................................... 61
6.2.1 Working alliance (Carr) ........................................................................................................ 61
6.3 Het pionierswerk van H.S Sullivan .............................................................................................. 62
6.3.1 Biografie en achtergrond ..................................................................................................... 62
6.3.2 Ervaringen in psychiatrische ziekenhuizen .......................................................................... 62
6.3.3 Belang .................................................................................................................................. 63
6.3.4 Opvattingen over persoonlijkheid en psychiatrie ................................................................. 63
Opvattingen over interpersoonlijke relaties .............................................................................. 64
6.3.5 Belangrijke theoretische concepten ..................................................................................... 64
Angst......................................................................................................................................... 64
Veiligheid .................................................................................................................................. 65
Participant observation ............................................................................................................. 65
Parataxische vertekeningen ..................................................................................................... 66
Consensual validation .............................................................................................................. 67
Het postulaat van de ene soort ................................................................................................ 68
6.3.6 Methodische opmerkingen ................................................................................................... 68
6.3.7 Wat betekent dit alles voor psychotherapie? ....................................................................... 69
6.4 De werkalliantie ........................................................................................................................... 71
6.4.1 De therapeutische positionering .......................................................................................... 71
Zorg 1 en Zorg 2 ....................................................................................................................... 72
7. Systeemtherapie college 8 ............................................................................................................. 74
7.1 Systeemtheorie en cybernetica ................................................................................................... 74
7.1.1 Concepten uit de systeemtherapie en cybernetica .............................................................. 74
Valkuil 1: ................................................................................................................................... 77
Valkuil 2: ................................................................................................................................... 78
7.1.2 Toepassing in de systeemtherapie/gezinstherapie ............................................................ 79
1. Minuchin ............................................................................................................................... 79
2. Overgang van structuralisme naar poststructuralisme ......................................................... 86
3. De dialogische benadering van gezinstherapie van Peter Rober ........................................ 87
4. Narratieve praktijken ............................................................................................................. 89
9. Systeemtherapie college 9 ............................................................................................................. 93
9.1 Communicatietheorie .................................................................................................................. 93
1. Van communicatie naar invloed ........................................................................................... 93
2. Terminologie ......................................................................................................................... 95
3. Vier stappen in het zien en beseffen van invloed ................................................................. 95
4. interpersoonlijke perspectieven- klinische toepassingen ..................................................... 97
9.2 erkennings-/verwerpings-/negatie-ervaringen............................................................................. 98
9.3 Buitenkanten kunnen zowel digitaal als analoog zijn, en de interpretatie vergt altijd een context
........................................................................................................................................................... 99
9.5 Methodische ingangen .............................................................................................................. 102
9.5.1 Dedramatiseren door te concretiseren .............................................................................. 102
Wanneer? ............................................................................................................................... 103
Hoe? ....................................................................................................................................... 103
9.5.2 Zelf een naam laten zoeken .............................................................................................. 103
9.5.3 Constructies of leefbaar benoemen ................................................................................... 104
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, 10. Cliëntgerichte experiëntiële psychotherapie & emotion-focused therappy.......................... 105
10.1 Therapietheorie of rationale in CCT ........................................................................................ 105
10.2 Een differentieel behandelaanbod .......................................................................................... 106
10.3 Cliëntgerichte experiëntiële therapie ....................................................................................... 107
10.3.1 Emotionele beleving (experiencing)................................................................................. 107
10.3.2 De wijsheid van je lichaam 1 ........................................................................................... 107
10.4 De kunst van het luisteren ....................................................................................................... 108
10.5 Empathie ................................................................................................................................. 108
10.5.1 Ontwikkelingen in het concept empathie ......................................................................... 108
10.5.2 Procesempathie of communicatieve afstemming ............................................................ 109
10.6 Experiencing............................................................................................................................ 109
10.6.1 Waar experiëntieel/ EFT therapeuten op letten ............................................................... 109
1. Waarom is dit kind/gezin nu hier? ...................................................................................... 109
2. Pijnkompas ......................................................................................................................... 110
3. Emotionele verwerkingsstijl Welke wijze van processing/ engagement toont cliënt? ........ 110
4. Interne emotionele organisatie ........................................................................................... 110
5. Emotionele transformatie.................................................................................................... 110
6. Case formulation narratief .................................................................................................. 110
7. Verdere procesdirectieven tijdens therapie ........................................................................ 110
10.7 Het specifieke aan kinder- en jongerentherapeuten ............................................................... 111
10.7.1 Het specifieke van de cliëntpopulatie .............................................................................. 111
10.7.2 Separatie en individuatieprocessen ................................................................................. 111
10.7.3 Spelen als specifiek kenmerk .......................................................................................... 111
10.7.4 Communicatievaardigheid met kind/ adolescent ............................................................. 112
10.7.5 Werkrelatie opbouwen met kind en ouders ..................................................................... 112
10.8 Emtion focused Therapy (EFT) uitgangspunten ..................................................................... 112
10.8.1 Emotie-schema’s ............................................................................................................. 114
10.8.2 Emotieregulatie ................................................................................................................ 116
10.9 Relatie- en taakprincipes......................................................................................................... 116
10.10 Een ervaringstaak: focusing .................................................................................................. 117
Focusing: 6 stappen ............................................................................................................... 119
De 4 vaardigheden ................................................................................................................. 119
11. Integratieve benadering .............................................................................................................. 120
11.1 Technisch eclecticisme ........................................................................................................... 120
11.2 Common factors ...................................................................................................................... 121
11.3 Theoretische integratie ............................................................................................................ 121
11.4 Assimilatieve integratie ........................................................................................................... 121
11.5 Parent child interaction therapy PCIT ..................................................................................... 121
11.6 Verantwoorde zorg .................................................................................................................. 122
11.7 Evidence- based practice ........................................................................................................ 125
11.8 Practice-based evidence ......................................................................................................... 125
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