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Samenvatting Persoonlijkheidspsychologie
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PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_INLEIDING .................................................................................................... 6DEFINITIE PERSOONLIJKHEID .............................................................................................................................................. 6
TERMINOLOGIE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE ....................................................................................................................................... 7
DRIE ANALYSENIVEAU ................................................................................................................................................................................7
THEORIE VERSUS ONDERZOEK ..................................................................................................................................................................7
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_PERSOONLIJKHEIDSTHEORIEËN_DISPOSITIONELE THEORIEËN
............................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
WAT ZIJN PERSOONLIJKHEIDSTREKKEN/PH-TREKKEN? .................................................................................................. 8
IDENTIFICEREN VAN TREKKEN DOOR 3 DISPOSITIONELE MODELLEN ............................................................................... 8
LEXICALE BENADERING ..............................................................................................................................................................................8
STATISTISCHE BENADERING ......................................................................................................................................................................8
THEORETISCHE BENADERING....................................................................................................................................................................8
EVOLUTIE VAN TREKTHEORIEËN ......................................................................................................................................... 9
GORDON ALLPORT ......................................................................................................................................................................................9
RAYMOND CATTELL ....................................................................................................................................................................................9
HANS EYSENCK ............................................................................................................................................................................................9
FIVE-FACTOR MODEL .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
FISKE ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................9
PAUL COSTA EN ROBERT MCCRAE ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
EMPIRISCHE ONDERSTEUNING ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
HOE ZIT HET MET DE 5E FACTOR? ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
IS HET VFM VOLLEDIG? .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
EVALUATIE VAN HET VFM ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11
FIVE FACTOR THEORY ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
CENTRALE COMPONENTEN VAN DE FFT.............................................................................................................................................. 12
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
PERIFERE COMPONENTEN VAN DE FFT ............................................................................................................................................... 12
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_PERSOONLIJKHEIDSTHEORIEËN_BIOLOGISCHE THEORIEËN . 13
HANS EYSENCK .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
BIOLOGISCHE BASIS VAN INTROVERT VS. EXTRAVERT ...................................................................................................................... 13
BIOLOGISCHE BASIS VAN NEUROTISCH VS. EMOTIONEEL STABIEL .................................................................................................. 13
JEFFREY GRAY.................................................................................................................................................................... 14
ROBERT CLONINGER ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
NEUROTRANSMITTERS EN PERSOONLIJKHEID .................................................................................................................................... 15
BIOLOGISCH MODEL CLONINGER ........................................................................................................................................................... 15
EMPIRISCHE EVIDENTIE .................................................................................................................................................... 15
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_PERSOONLIJKHEIDSTHEORIEËN_PSYCHODYNAMISHE
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSTHEORIEËN ............................................................................................................................ 16
KLASSIEKE PSYCHOANALYSE............................................................................................................................................. 16
STRUCTUUR VAN PERSOONLIJKHEID ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
DYNAMIEK VAN PERSOONLIJKHEID ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
PSYCHOSEKSUELE ONTWIKKELING VAN PERSOONLIJKHEID ............................................................................................................. 17
PSYCHOANALYSTISCHE THERAPIE ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
HET PSYCHOANALYTISCH PROCES .................................................................................................................................... 17
Liesje Vanbroeckhoven 1
,EVALUATIE VAN PSYCHOANALYSE ......................................................................................................................................................... 18
NEO-ANALYSTISCHE BEWEGING ....................................................................................................................................... 18
EGOPSYCHOLOGIE.............................................................................................................................................................. 18
OBJECTRELATIES ............................................................................................................................................................... 19
OBJECTRELATIE THEORIE VOLGENS MARY AINSWORTH .................................................................................................................. 19
HECHTING IN VOLWASSEN RELATIES VOLGENS HAZAN & SHAVER ................................................................................................ 19
BARTHOLOMEW EN HOROWITZ............................................................................................................................................................. 19
FRALEY EN WALLER ................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
BRENNAN, CLARK EN SHAVER ............................................................................................................................................................... 19
STABILITEIT VAN HECHTINGSPATRONEN............................................................................................................................................. 20
FRALEY ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_PERSOONLIJKHEIDSTHEORIEËN_HUMANISTISCHE THEORIEËN
............................................................................................................................................................................................ 21
ABRAHAM MASLOW .......................................................................................................................................................... 21
CARL ROGERS .................................................................................................................................................................... 21
CLIËNTGERICHTE PSYCHOTHERAPIE VAN ROGERS ............................................................................................................................ 21
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_PERSOONLIJKHEIDSTHEORIEËN_SOCIAAL-
COGNITIVISTISCHETHEORIEËN .............................................................................................................................. 22
PERSOONLIJKE CONSTRUCTTHEORIE ............................................................................................................................... 22
POSTMODERNISME ................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
PERSOONLIJKE CONSTRUCTEN ............................................................................................................................................................... 22
FUNDAMENTEEL POSTULAAT ................................................................................................................................................................. 22
11 IMPLICATIES ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 22
SOCIAAL-COGNITIEVE LEERTHEORIE ................................................................................................................................ 23
ALBERT BANDURA ................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
JULIAN ROTTER EXPECTANCY-VALUE THEORY EN LOCUS OF CONTROL ......................................................................................... 23
WALTER MISCHEL.................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_HEDENDAAGSE THEMA’S_ASSESMENT VAN PERSOONLIJKHEID
............................................................................................................................................................................................ 24
INFORMATIEBRONNEN M.B.T. PERSOONLIJKHEID ........................................................................................................... 24
ZELFRAPPORTAGE (S-DATA) ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
OBSERVATIE (O-DATA) ........................................................................................................................................................................... 24
TESTDATA (T-DATA) ............................................................................................................................................................................... 25
ANAMNESTISCHE GEGEVENS (L-DATA) ............................................................................................................................................... 25
COMBINEREN VAN DATA ......................................................................................................................................................................... 25
EVALUATIE VAN MEETINSTRUMENTEN ............................................................................................................................ 25
ONTWIKKELING VAN MEETINSTRUMENTEN..................................................................................................................... 26
AGGREGATIE .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
ONDERZOEKSDESIGN IN PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE ............................................................................................ 26
EXPERIMENT ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
CORRELATIONEEL ONDERZOEK ............................................................................................................................................................. 26
GEVALSTUDIE (CASE STUDY).................................................................................................................................................................. 26
METHODOLOGISCHE KWESTIES ........................................................................................................................................ 27
ONZORGVULDIGHEID ............................................................................................................................................................................... 27
CENTRALE ANTWOORDTENDENTIE ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
‘FAKING’ OP VRAGENLIJSTEN .................................................................................................................................................................. 27
BARNUM STATEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 27
Liesje Vanbroeckhoven 2
,PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_HEDENDAAGSE THEMA’S_CROSS-SITUATIONELE
CONSISTENTIE EN TEMPORELE STABILITEIT VAN PH .................................................................................... 28
CROSS-SITUATIONELE CONSISTENTIE .............................................................................................................................. 28
DRIE VORMEN VAN P-S INTERACTIE..................................................................................................................................................... 28
TEMPORELE STABILITEIT ................................................................................................................................................. 28
BASISBEGRIPPEN ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSSTABILITEIT IN BABY-, PEUTER-, EN KINDERTIJD + ADOLESCENTIE ............................................................ 28
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSSTABILITEIT IN DE VOLWASSENHEID ................................................................................................................. 31
DE PH-CORHERENTIE ............................................................................................................................................................................. 32
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_HEDENDAAGSE THEMA’S_GEDRAGSGENETICA ............................ 33
HET MENSELIJK GENOOM .................................................................................................................................................. 33
CONTROVERSE OVER GENEN EN PERSOONLIJKHEID......................................................................................................... 33
DOEL VAN GEDRAGSGENETICA .......................................................................................................................................... 33
WAT IS ERFELIJKHEID? ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
MISVATTINGEN OVER ERFELIJKHEID .................................................................................................................................................... 33
NATURE-NURTURE ................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
GEDRAGSGENETISCH ONDERZOEK .................................................................................................................................... 34
SELECTIEF KWEKEN ................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
FAMILIEONDERZOEK ................................................................................................................................................................................ 34
TWEELINGONDERZOEK ........................................................................................................................................................................... 34
ADOPTIEONDERZOEK............................................................................................................................................................................... 34
ONDERZOEKSBEVINDINGEN .............................................................................................................................................. 35
GEDEELDE VS. NIET-GEDEELDE OMGEVINGSINVLOEDEN ................................................................................................ 35
GENEN EN OMGEVING ........................................................................................................................................................ 35
WAT IS DE WISSELWERKING TUSSEN GENEN EN OMGEVING ............................................................................................................ 35
1. GENOTYPE-OMGEVINGSINTERACTIE ............................................................................................................................................ 35
2. GENOTYPE-OMGEVINGSCORRELATIE ........................................................................................................................................... 35
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_HEDENDAAGSE THEMA’S_HET ZELF................................................. 36
BESCHRIJVENDE COMPONENT VAN HET ZELF: ZELFCONCEPT ......................................................................................... 36
ONTWIKKELING VAN HET ZELFCONCEPT ............................................................................................................................................. 36
ZELFSCHEMA’S .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
MOGELIJKE ZELVEN (POSSIBLE SELVES) ............................................................................................................................................... 36
ZELFDISCRIPANTIETHEORIE VAN HIGGINS: ......................................................................................................................................... 37
EVALUATIE COMPONENT VAN HET ZELF: EIGENWAARDE (SELF-ESTEEM) ...................................................................... 37
ZELFEVALUATIE ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 37
ONDERZOEK OVER EIGENWAARDE ........................................................................................................................................................ 37
VARIABILITEIT IN EIGENWAARDE BIJ MENSEN ................................................................................................................................... 38
GROOTTE VAN KORTE TERMIJN FLUCTUATIES IN EIGENWAARDE KUNNEN BIJ MENSEN STABIEL ZIJN MAAR OOK
SCHOMMELINGEN:.............................................................................................................................................................. 38
SOCIALE COMPONENT VAN HET ZELF: SOCIALE IDENTITEIT ............................................................................................ 38
WAT IS SOCIALE IDENTITEIT? ................................................................................................................................................................ 38
ONTWIKKELING VAN SOCIALE IDENTITEIT .......................................................................................................................................... 38
IDENTITEITSCRISISSEN ............................................................................................................................................................................ 38
COPING ............................................................................................................................................................................... 39
WAT IS COPING ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
COPING VS. PERSOONLIJKHEID: 2 VISIES .............................................................................................................................................. 40
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_PERSOONLIJKHEID IN HET DAGELIJKS
LEVEN_PERSOONLIJKHEID EN SCHOOL ................................................................................................................ 40
Liesje Vanbroeckhoven 3
, VFM EN SCHOOLSE PRESTATIES ....................................................................................................................................... 40
SOCIALE COGNITIE ............................................................................................................................................................. 40
ACADEMISCH ZELFCONCEPT ................................................................................................................................................................... 40
SELF-EFFICACY .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
MOTIVATIONELE PROCESSEN............................................................................................................................................ 41
PRESTATIEDOELTHEORIE ....................................................................................................................................................................... 41
EXAMENVREES .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
CONCLUSIE ......................................................................................................................................................................... 41
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_PERSOONLIJKHEID IN HET DAGELIJKS
LEVEN_PERSOONLIJKHEID EN RELATIES ............................................................................................................. 42
PERSOONLIJKHEID EN PARTNERRELATIES ....................................................................................................................... 42
PH EN RELATIEKWALITEIT ............................................................................................................................................... 42
INVLOED VAN SIMILARITEIT/COMPLEMENTARITEIT PERSOONLIJKHEID OP RELATIETEVREDENHEID .................................... 43
PERSOONLIJKHEID EN VRIENDSCHAP ............................................................................................................................... 44
KINDERTIJD EN ADOLESCENTIE ............................................................................................................................................................. 44
PERSOONLIJKHEID EN SOCIALE MEDIA ............................................................................................................................. 45
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_PERSOONLIJKHEID IN HET DAGELIJKS
LEVEN_PERSOONLIJKHEID EN WERK .................................................................................................................... 46
WERKPRESTATIES ............................................................................................................................................................. 46
LEIDERSCHAP..................................................................................................................................................................... 47
DARK SIDE VAN PH ........................................................................................................................................................... 47
PSYCHOPATHISCHE TREKKEN OP DE WERKVLOER ............................................................................................................................. 47
PH-MEETINSTRUMENTEN IN A&O ................................................................................................................................... 47
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_PERSOONLIJKHEID IN HET DAGELIJKS
LEVEN_PERSOONLIJKHEID EN MENTAAL WELBEVINDEN .............................................................................. 48
EMOTIES............................................................................................................................................................................. 48
STATE VS. TRAIT ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
CATEGORIAAL VS. DIMENSIONAAL......................................................................................................................................................... 48
GELUK ................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
WELKE POSITIEVE EFFECTEN HEEFT GELUK? ..................................................................................................................................... 49
NEUROTISCISME ................................................................................................................................................................ 49
BIOLOGISCHE THEORIEËN ....................................................................................................................................................................... 49
COGNITIEVE THEORIEËN ......................................................................................................................................................................... 49
AFFECTIEVE INTENSITEIT (AI) ......................................................................................................................................... 49
PH EN EMOTIONEEL WELBEVINDEN ................................................................................................................................. 50
PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE_PERSOONLIJKHEID IN HET DAGELIJKS
LEVEN_PERSOONLIJKHEID EN LICHAMELIJKE GEZONDHEID ....................................................................... 52
THEORETISCHE MODELLEN ............................................................................................................................................... 52
INTERACTIONELE MODEL ........................................................................................................................................................................ 52
TRANSACTIONELE MODEL....................................................................................................................................................................... 52
GEZONDHEIDSGEDRAGSMODEL ............................................................................................................................................................. 52
PREDISPOSITIEMODEL ............................................................................................................................................................................. 53
SPECTRUMMODEL..................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
ZIEKTEGEDRAGMODEL ............................................................................................................................................................................ 53
STRESS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 53
Liesje Vanbroeckhoven 4
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