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College Notes Networks 2 (S_N2)
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College notes Networks 2 Lecture 1 t/m 11
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Lecture 1: Introduction & Intervention Real life examplesmapping
Intervention = a combination of a program
elements or strategies designed to produce
behavior changes or improve situations
among individuals, groups or an entire
population
Different disciplines use different https://www.loketgezondleven.nl/
strategies, approaches when thinking of an interventies-zoeken#/Overview
intervention
Intervention strategies = can include
educational programs, new or stronger VIDEO | Sex worker’s opera is coming to
polices, improvements in the environment, Amsterdam
or a health promotion campaign https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Multiple strategies = are typically the most v=dghJb4unNKE
effective in producing desired and lasting - What is the change they want to
change see?
Implemented in different settings including - What is the setting?
communities, worksites, schools, health - What type of interventions are
care organizations, faith-based included?
organizations or in the home.
Multiple settings and using multiple Intervention mapping = a framework for
strategies may be the most effective effective decision making at each step in
because of the potential to reach a larger the intervention development.
nu be rog people in a variety of ways.
| Bartholomew, Parcel, Kok, 1998 |
- Makes planning explicit and
Examples of intervention methods transparent
- Education: give lectures, - Facilitates collaborative partners in
workshops a multidisciplinary groups
- Promotion: advertise a desired
behavior
- Community empowerment VIDEO | Transgender shares powerful
- Modelling: give good examples message
- Skill development: improve skills https://www.youtube.com/watch?
necessary of behavior v=E0v_idyvjco
- Incentives: give rewards for good
behavior - What is the problem?
- Social support - Who are included in this problem
See a comprehensive overview and its solution?
in Kok et al.
, Step 6: monitoring and evaluation,
measuring effects and processes
Steps and tasks in Intervention mapping
Step 1: what is the problem?
VIDEO | Universities extend winter break
- Prior research: what did others
as students deal with online-learning
theorize or find about this problem?
burnout
- Need assessment: what does the
target group say about their own https://www.youtube.com/watch?
experience? v=ANCjlST8Aic&feature=emb_logo
Step 2: what are the objectives? What is
the desired change?
| Valente, 2012 |
- What individuals need to learn/do
Network interventions (NI) = people can be
(learning objectives)
effectively influenced through their social
- What must be changed in the
network to adopt new behavior
organization or community
(change objectives) NI is the process of using social networks
or social networks data to accelerate social
What are the determinants of the problem?
change, generate influence, achieve
- Personal determinants: individual desirable outcomes
factors, cognitive factors, etc
- External determinants: social and
structural factors (culture, religion, Network interventions strategies
norms/values)
The strategy descried which components of
What is the evidence that changing the social network will be targeted
these determination will lead to a
desired change? Decision is based on the available social
network data (e.g. sociogram)
Who is the target population?
Induvial level: targeting specific
- Are there sub-populations? (gender, individuals in a social network nodes,
age, ethnicity, etc) influences, opinion leaders
Step 3: identifying potential intervention Segmentation: targeting a specific group
methods within a social network
- How can the determinants be Induction: generating new connection
influences in order to elicit a among individuals, e.g. word of mouth
desired change? (ALS bucket challenge)
- Look into prior research on these
methods, were they effective? Alteration: See Valente (2012)
- Translate methods into actual
strategies
Step 4: design program material, pretest
material
Step 5: implementation of intervention
, messages service (SMS), or text
messages
Lecture 2: Social media | Part of the
problem or/and the solution Examples of social media interventions
- Mostly from the field of health
Social media interventions = an internet- - https://www.jmir.org/themes/52-
based intervention strategy that exploits the medicine-20-social-media-open-
affordances (functions) of a social media participatory-collaborative-
platform to produce behavior change or medicine
improve a situation
| Moorhead et al. 2013 | | Bull et al. 2012 |
Benefits of social media interventions Social media intervention in sexual health
- Increase interactions with others promotion
- More available, shared and tailored Wicked problem: low sexual health of
information young, low SES (Socioeconomic status)
- Increase accessibility & widening people
access
- Peer/social/emotional support Goal: promoting condom use for STI
- Public health surveillance prevention
- Potential to influence health policy Method: STI prevention messages
| Web et al. 2010 | delivered via Facebook at 2 and 6 months
Are social media interventions more Population: Denver CO metropolitan area
effective than traditional interventions? and in a college community in Louisiana,
focusing on African-American and Latino
- 85 studies, total sample size of youth
43.236 participants
- Statistically small but significant Experiment: Intervention or Control group
effect on health-related behavior - Control group: 18-24 news
- Theory-driven (e.g. theory of intended as a play on the concept of
planned behavior, elaboration sharing what was happening
likelihood model…) interventions between 6:00pm until midnight on
were more effective the 24-hour clock and what was
- Interventions that incorporated interesting in the news to those
more behavior change techniques ages 18-24 years
(e.g. self-monitoring, stress - Intervention group: just/us on
management, modelling, goal Facebook
setting and more) also tended to
have larger effects compared to Content:
interventions that incorporated
- 8 broad topics (talking about sexual
fewer techniques
history, expectations of a healthy
- Effectiveness was enhances by the
relationship, condom use, accessing
use of additional methods of
STI testing)
communication (e.g. short
, - Multiple updates each day to the
page in the form of video link,
quizzes, and games
- Threaded discussion relevant to
that weeks topic
| Moorhead et al. 2013 |
Measures:
Limitations of Social media interventions
- 2 months: follow-up behavioral risk
assessment - Lack of reliability of information
- 6 months: second follow-up (what does engagement with a post
assessment mean?)
- Privacy, confidentiality, data
Results: security issues
- Information overload
- Self-report is the most often used
measure
- Self-selection is opposed to
randomization
- High participant dropout rate
How to choose a platform?
Target group
Effect disappeared after 6 months
- Generational differences in social
media use in frequency, preferred
platforms
- Gender differences in social media
| Glanz et al. 2017 | use in type of information search
for
Social media intervention in vaccination
- Sub-target groups may need to be
3 groups: addressed by different methods
- VSM: website with vaccine
information and interactive social
| Kietzmann et al. 2011 & Morena et al.
media components
2019 |
- VI: website with vaccine
information Functionality of different social media
- UC: usual care platforms
What is your goals and how it can ben
served by what you can do with a certain
platform?
It reduced the number of days that the
child is not vaccinated.
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