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Summary Psychology 9990 - Assumptions of the approaches
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Assumptions of the social, cognitive, learning and biological approaches
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Assumptions of the Social Approach:1. Other people and the surrounding environment are major influences on an
individual’s behavior, thought processes and emotions
2. The situation we are in has an effect on our behavior. We do not always act according to
our freewill. You may act in a way that is deemed acceptable in society. Milgram- p’s
obey the authority figure as it is the accepted behavior and people typically don't go
against that).
3. All human behavior occurs in a social context, even when no one else is present (How we
act depends on the situation we are in).
4. Our relationships with other people are a major influence on an individual’s behavior,
thought processes and emotions. (We take on different roles when we are with different
people).
Assumptions of the Cognitive Approach
1. The mind actively processes information from our senses (touch, taste etc.).
2. Between stimulus and response are complex mental processes, which can be studied
scientifically.
3. Humans can be seen as data processing systems.
4. The workings of a computer and the human mind are alike – they encode and store
information, and they have outputs.
Assumptions of the Learning Approach
1. Social Learning helps to explain changes in behavior. People may then copy behaviors
seen on TV adverts or the children in the Bandura et al. study copied the attacks on the
Bobo doll
2. We learn through the consequences of our behavior. (Operant conditioning suggests) if
we are rewarded for an action, we are likely to repeat so giving a sweet to a child after
they have tidied their bedroom means they are more likely to repeat the tidying
behavior.
3. We learn through association (Classical conditioning suggests) we associate two stimuli
together to produce a learned response so a cat can associate the sound of a cupboard
opening with food.
4. Development of language –Pepperberg- understanding symbolic representation of same
and different. Understand how animals intercommunicate.
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