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Samenvatting Mens en maatschappij: maatschappij
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MaatschappijInhoud
1.Democratie en rechtstaat......................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Macht..............................................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Democratie......................................................................................................................................................4
1.2.1 Sociaal contract........................................................................................................................................5
1.2.2 Regels en procedures...............................................................................................................................5
1.2.3 Respect voor individuele rechten............................................................................................................5
1.3 De drie machten..............................................................................................................................................5
1.3.1 Welke machten?.......................................................................................................................................5
1.3.2 Scheiding der machten.............................................................................................................................6
1.4 verkiezingen....................................................................................................................................................6
1.4.1 De evolutie in verkiezingen België...........................................................................................................7
1.4.2 Het Belgisch kiesstelsel............................................................................................................................7
1.4.3 De verkiezingen in de praktijk..................................................................................................................8
2. Mensen- en kinderrechten..................................................................................................................................10
2.1 Mensenrechten.............................................................................................................................................10
2.1.1 Van gewoonterecht naar codificatie van het recht...............................................................................10
2.1.2 De opkomst van mensenrechten...........................................................................................................10
2.1.3 Drie groepen mensenrechten................................................................................................................10
2.2 Kinderrechten................................................................................................................................................11
2.2.1 Het kinderrechtenverdrag......................................................................................................................11
2.2.2 Belang van kinderrechtenverdrag..........................................................................................................12
2.2.3 Implementatie van het Kinderrechtenverdrag in Vlaanderen...............................................................12
2.2.4 Burgerschap en kinderrechten, zo horen bij elkaar...............................................................................12
2.2.5 Opvoeden tot burgerschap als waardenopvoeding...............................................................................12
3. Instellingen..........................................................................................................................................................13
3.1 Overzicht.......................................................................................................................................................13
3.2 Gemeentelijk niveau.....................................................................................................................................13
3.3 bevoegdheden van de gemeenten...............................................................................................................13
3.3.3 Financiën van de gemeente...................................................................................................................14
3.3.4 aantal instellingen in de gemeente........................................................................................................14
3.4 Provinciaal niveau.........................................................................................................................................14
3.4.4 De financiën van de provincie................................................................................................................16
3.5 Gewestelijk en gemeenschappelijk...............................................................................................................16
3.5.1 Bevoegdheden van gemeenschappen en gewesten..............................................................................16
3.5.2 Het Vlaams Parlement............................................................................................................................16
3.5.4 Financiën Vlaamse overheid..................................................................................................................18
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, 3.5.5 Conclusie................................................................................................................................................18
3.6 Federaal niveau.............................................................................................................................................18
3.7 Belangrijke opmerking..................................................................................................................................20
3.8 De koning.......................................................................................................................................................20
3.9 Europees niveau............................................................................................................................................20
3.9.1 Bevoegdheden........................................................................................................................................21
3.9.2 De Europese raad...................................................................................................................................21
3.9.3 de Europese commissie..........................................................................................................................21
3.9.4 Raad van ministers.................................................................................................................................22
3.9.5 Europees parlement...............................................................................................................................22
3.9.6 Van voorstel tot wet in Europa..............................................................................................................22
3.9.7 Raad van Europa.....................................................................................................................................22
4. Ideologieën en politieke partijen........................................................................................................................24
4.1 breuklijnen.....................................................................................................................................................24
4.2 Ideologieën....................................................................................................................................................24
4.2.1 Liberalisme.............................................................................................................................................24
4.2.2 Conservatisme........................................................................................................................................24
4.2.3 Nationalisme..........................................................................................................................................25
4.2.4 socialisme...............................................................................................................................................25
4.2.5 christendemocratie................................................................................................................................25
4.2.6 Ecologisme..............................................................................................................................................25
4.3 politieke partijen...........................................................................................................................................25
4.3.1 België......................................................................................................................................................25
5. Belangrijke maatschappelijke actoren................................................................................................................27
5.1 Rechterlijke macht........................................................................................................................................27
5.1.1 De rechterlijke macht in België..............................................................................................................27
5.1.2 Rechtbanken...........................................................................................................................................27
5.1.3 De vierde macht: de media....................................................................................................................29
5.2 middenveld....................................................................................................................................................30
5.2.1 Algemeen................................................................................................................................................30
5.2.2 Werkgevers............................................................................................................................................30
5.2.3 Werknemers...........................................................................................................................................30
5.2.4 Ziekenfondsen........................................................................................................................................30
6. Beeldvorming in en over de maatschappij..........................................................................................................31
6.1 Kijken naar (andere) culturen.......................................................................................................................31
6.1.1 Wat is cultuur?.......................................................................................................................................31
6.1.2 Cultuur volgens Luycks en François........................................................................................................31
6.1.3 Het doorgeven van cultuur....................................................................................................................32
6.1.4 Kijken naar anderen groepen.................................................................................................................32
6.1.5 Vooroordelen.........................................................................................................................................32
6.1.6 Intolerantie.............................................................................................................................................33
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, 6.1.7 Discriminatie...........................................................................................................................................33
6.1.8 Verschillende vormen van discriminatie................................................................................................33
6.1.9 Oorzaken van discriminatie....................................................................................................................33
6.1.10 Hoe wordt ons beeld gevormd............................................................................................................34
6.1.11 Invloed van beeldvorming op het maatschappelijk debat en op het beleid.......................................34
7. Vakdidactiek: het gebruik van actualiteit in de klas............................................................................................35
7.1 Wat is actualiteit/ nieuws.............................................................................................................................35
7.2 Groeilijn nieuws- en informatiegeletterdheid...............................................................................................35
7.3 Hard nieuws...................................................................................................................................................35
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, 1.DEMOCRATIE EN RECHTSTAAT
1.1 MACHT
- Essentieel onderdeel van politiek
- Uitoefenen van invloed
Kenmerken macht:
Intentioneel: doelbewust, tot effectief resultaat leiden
Daad en vermogen: politie heeft vermogen om je aan te spreken
Effectief: als de politie u tegen houdt, dat je dan ook gaat stoppen
Asymmetrisch: politie kan u doen stoppen, maar jij kan de politie niet doen stoppen
Macht kan door:
- Gezag functie
- Geld
- Leeftijd
- Geweld
- Rol die je hebt
- Belang van hebben van informatie
- Wegen op publieke opinie
Machtsmiddelen
Dwang of geweld
Maatschappelijke steun
Relaties en netwerken
Deskundigheid
Latente macht:
Latent = sluimerend
Hebben van macht zonder dat je ze echt uitoefent
Mensen anticiperen, op veronderstelde macht -> terechtwijzing vermijden
Je bent met je gsm bezig en je ziet een politiecombi staan, dus je legt hem snel weg. De politie heeft
waarschijnlijk niet door dat jij op je gsm zat, dus de politie oefent latente macht uit.
1.2 DEMOCRATIE
Democratie is het bestuur van, voor en door het volk
- Van: wij worden bestuurd door mensen die wij gekozen hebben
- Voor: burger staat centraal
- Door: bestuursleden worden gekozen door het volk, door stemmen
Principes democratie:
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