Summary
History of Korea summary
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Summary of History of Korea course taught by Professor Carbonnet in 2022
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History of KoreaInhoud
1. Prehistoric Korea................................................................................................................................3
1.1. Early inhabitants..........................................................................................................................3
1.2. The Paleolithic Era (200,000 BCE – 8000 BP/ 6000BCE)...............................................................3
1.3. The Neolithic Era (6000 BCE – 2000 BCE).....................................................................................3
1.4. The beginning of the Bronze Age (2000 BCE – 300 BCE)..............................................................3
2. Old Choson, the Han commanderies & the Samhan confederations (7 th c. BC – early 4th c. CE).........4
2.1. Tan’gun: the origin myth.............................................................................................................4
2.2. Old Choson..................................................................................................................................5
2.3. The Han commanderies (108 BCE - 312 CE).................................................................................6
2.4. The Samhan confederations........................................................................................................6
3. The three kingdoms period (57 BCE – 668 CE)....................................................................................7
3.1. Overview......................................................................................................................................7
3.2. Koguryo (37 BCE – 668 CE)...........................................................................................................7
3.2.1. Rise and fall of Koguryo........................................................................................................7
3.2.2. Politics, society and economy...............................................................................................8
3.2.3. Cultural achievements..........................................................................................................9
3.3. Paekche (18 BCE – 660).............................................................................................................10
3.3.1. Rise and fall of Paekche......................................................................................................10
3.3.2. Politics, society and economics...........................................................................................10
3.3.3. Cultural achievements........................................................................................................11
3.4. Silla (57 BCE – 935 CE)...............................................................................................................11
3.4.1. Rise of Silla and unification of the peninsula......................................................................11
3.4.2. Politics, society and economics...........................................................................................11
3.4.3. Cultural achievements........................................................................................................12
3.5. Kaya Federation (42 CE – 562 CE)..............................................................................................12
4. The Northern and Southern States Period (668 – 926).....................................................................13
4.1. Later Silla/Unified Silla (660 – 935)............................................................................................13
4.1.1. Politics.................................................................................................................................13
4.1.2. Economy.............................................................................................................................13
4.1.3. Culture................................................................................................................................14
4.2. Palhae (698 – 926).....................................................................................................................14
5. Koryo Dynasty...................................................................................................................................16
, 5.1. Rise and Fall of Koryo (918 – 1393)............................................................................................16
5.2. Political organization.................................................................................................................16
5.3. Society.......................................................................................................................................17
5.4. Economy and regional exchanges..............................................................................................17
5.5. Culture.......................................................................................................................................18
6. Choson (1390 – 1910).......................................................................................................................18
6.1. Political organization.................................................................................................................19
6.2. Japanese and Manchu invasions................................................................................................20
6.3. Society.......................................................................................................................................20
6.4. Economy and regional exchanges..............................................................................................21
6.5. Culture.......................................................................................................................................22
7. Korea in the age of imperialism (Choson).........................................................................................23
7.1. The socialist party of Taewon Gun.............................................................................................23
7.2. Opening.....................................................................................................................................23
7.3. Conflicts between progressives and conservatives....................................................................24
7.4. Tonghak uprising of 1894..........................................................................................................24
7.5. The Kabo reforms 1894.............................................................................................................24
7.6. The Sino-Japanese war (1894 – 1895).......................................................................................24
7.7. The Russo-Japanese confactition (?)..........................................................................................25
7.8. Activities of the independence club and inauguration of the Korean Empire............................25
7.9. The Russio-Japanese war (1904) and the loss of national sovereignty......................................25
7.10. 1905: Korea as a protectorate of Japan...................................................................................25
7.11. 1910: treaty of annexation: Korea became part of Japanese empire as a colony....................26
7.12. 1919: March 1st movement......................................................................................................26
, 1. Prehistoric Korea
(Oldest mention of Korea in 700 BC in Chinese sources)
1.1. Early inhabitants
Hominids populated the Korean peninsula by at least 200,000 years BP
Homo sapiens began to populate the Korean peninsula around 30.000-40.000 years ago,
replacing or intermingling with the earlier inhabitants
2 distinct paths of migration (even for Japan)
o Northern path
o Southern path
Recent genetic studies show that later they could find a lot of people both in
Korea and Japan with a similar genetic code
1.2. The Paleolithic Era (200,000 BCE – 8000 BP/ 6000BCE)
Still some controversy on the beginning of the Era, some argue that it dates as far back as
700,000 years
Can divide Paleolithic into 3 periods: Pre, main and end
Use of stone tools, with a progression over 1000s of years: from large and rough tools
(Komunmoru cave) to smaller and more delicate ones
o Important cave: Komunmoru cave containing bones of animals and tools
400,000 years old according to North Korean archaeologists’ estimation
based on remains of cats and horses which became extinct after the Middle
Pleistocene
Nomadic life in small bands, setting up temporary camps or living for brief periods in caves
o Camps were discovered mainly around river banks
Lived by hunting, fishing and gathering fruits
1.3. The Neolithic Era (6000 BCE – 2000 BCE)
Also called the “New stone age”
Invention of pottery with raised or stamped decoration incised decoration, typified by
“comb-pattern” pottery (chulmun t’ogi)
o One of the most marking elements of Neolithic era
People also made adornments like necklaces and animal statues
o Tongsam-dong shell midden
Settled life began (earth-pit houses)
o Basically in the ground
“Neolithic Revolution”: slow transition from hunting, fishing and gathering agriculture
(millet and rice; slash-and-burn farming; stone axes; hoes and plow-like tool (ttabi) and
animal husbandry as the basis of subsistence
o BUT ofc still hunting, fishing and gathering still practised
1.4. The beginning of the Bronze Age (2000 BCE – 300 BCE)
Plain pottery style or under decorated pottery style (mumun t’ogi)
o Earliest signs of the beginning of this new age
Creation of dolmen (koindol)
o Greatest number in Korean peninsula (35000)
Northern type = ‘table-type’ t’akcha
Southern type = “go-board-type” paduk
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