Unit 3 - Organisms exchange substances with their environment
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Summary Ch 7 Mass transport notes A* AQA A Level Biology
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Unit 3 - Organisms exchange substances with their environment
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AQA Biology A Level Year 2 Student Book
A set of thorough and concise notes created and used by an A* grade student to revise Mass transport (ch 7 from the A Level AQA Biology course). The notes are detailed and clearly explain the topic by breaking each process down into steps. It includes clear and detailed diagrams and includes all co...
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Unit 3 - Organisms exchange substances with their environment
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7.1 Haemoglobin
,Structure of haemoglobin molecule
• Haemoglobins are similar across a range of organisms: all have this
same basic structure…
• Has a quaternary structure, built up from primary [amino acids]
secondary [helixes] tertiary [precise 3d shape = necessary to
load/unload O2] quaternary [4 polypeptides linked, each associate
to a haem group Fe2+]
,Loading and unloading O2
• Loading, or associating, is when haemoglobin binds with O2 in the
lungs/alveolar capillaries
• Unloading, or dissociating, is when haemoglobin releases O2 into th
tissues in capillaries
• Haemoglobins with high affinity for O2 = load O2 more easily but
struggle to unload it, whereas low affinity = harder to load O2 but
easier to unload
, The role of haemoglobin
• Transport O2
• Need to be efficient by readily associating in lungs during gas
exchange, and readily dissociating in the tissues
• To do this, haemoglobin changes its affinity for oxygen based on th
conditions e.g. level of CO2 as they change the shape of the molecu
changes
High CO2 – CO2 dissolves in plasma – lowers pH – conformational
change in haemoglobin -
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