Unit 4 - Genetic information, variation and relationships between organisms
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Summary Ch 9 Genetic diversity and adaptation notes A* AQA A Level Biology
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Unit 4 - Genetic information, variation and relationships between organisms
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AQA
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AQA Biology A Level Year 2 Student Book
A set of thorough and concise notes created and used by an A* grade student to revise Genetic Diversity and Adaptation (ch 9 from the A Level AQA Biology course). The notes are detailed and clearly explain the topic by breaking each process down into steps. It includes clear and detailed diagrams a...
Summary Biology For Aqa Student Book - Unit 1 - Protein structure
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Unit 4 - Genetic information, variation and relationships between organisms
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9.1 Gene mutation
,What are mutations?
• Changes to the quantity or sequence of bases in DNA
• Can be just one nucleotide
• May be inherited or happen during cell division
• How do mutations affect proteins?
• DNA change may change amino acid sequence change in bonding
new tertiary structure may no longer function
, Substitution of bases
• A nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide
with a different base
• This may affect which amino acid it codes for
• Only one amino acid is affected in most cases
• If this amino acid was important in bonding then it
might affect the tertiary structure
• No effect: if the new codon codes for the same
amino acid
• If the new codon is a stop codon, then the rest of
the polypeptide wont be produced
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