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A level summary notes - learning theories psych
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A level summary notes - learning theories psych
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LEARNING THEORIES SUMMARYSTUDIES
Pavlov
Watson and Rayner - classic
Bandura
Becker - contemporary
THEORIES
Operant conditioning
Behaviourist
Classical conditioning
Social learning theory
OTHER KEY INFO
Phobias
Types of observations
Animal research + ethics
Treatment for phobias
KQ - Anorexia nervosa
, PAVLOV AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING IN DOGS
DEFINITIONS CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
- involuntary behaviour is learned through association
UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS
- any stimulus that would naturally produce a response
Eg food
NEUTRAL STIMULUS
- a stimulus that naturally would not produce a response
Eg tuning fork
CONDITIONED STIMULUS
- after an association the stimulus needs to produce a conditioned
response
UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE
- naturally occurring response before an association
CONDITIONED RESPONSE
- response that occurs after an association has been made
AIM To investigate how the cerebral cortex works and how classical conditioning
can be shown in dogs.
PROCEDURE PROCEDURE
- rewired salivary glands on outside of dogs cheeks
- gave dogs food (measure when and amount of saliva produced)
- introduced other stimuli before food and measured saliva produced
Eg metronome
- stops presenting food with stimuli to see if saliva produced
- screens were placed to stop anticipation of food- extraneous variables
RESULTS RESULTS
- metronome- saliva after 9s (11 drops by 45s)
- electric buzzer before meat - paired once then gave salivation
- dog had no other stimuli to distract/ affect learning for conditioning to take
place
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
- metronome- 'signalisation' in brain (links food and metronome- reflex response
of salivation)
- could repeat with dogs and get same findings (any external stimuli could
disrupt conditioning process)
EVALUATION G - WEAKNESS
- humans have more complex brain structure
- may respond differently
R - STRENGTH
- repeated multiple times and got same results
- consistency
A - STRENGTH
- Scientific measures
- created saliometer
- use of scientific measures supports psych as science
V - STRENGTH
- high internal
- controlled EV
, - conclusions objective and valid
E - WEAKNESS
- must be in humane condition and clear benefit needed
- dogs were harmed and suffered (rewired glands)
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