Summary
Summary IB Sports Exercise Health Science Notes (ALL TOPICS)
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The syllabus statement from each topic is listed. All these notes are written using the official past paper answers.
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CORE
Topic 1
Anatomy
:
Topic 2 Exercise physiology
:
Topic 3 Energy Systems
:
Topic 4 Moment Analysis
:
Topic 5 skill in Sports
:
Topic 6 Measurements and Evaluation
:
of Human Performance
Additional Higher Level ( AHL)
further
Topic 7
Anatomy
:
Topic 8 : The Endocrine
System
Topic 9 fatigue
:
Topic 10 : Friction & Drag
Topic 11 skills Acquisition : and Analysis
Topic 12 : Genetics and Athletic Performance
13 : Exercise and
Topic Immunity
Ashley Wong
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1. 1 The Skeletal
/
System
1. 2 / The Muscular System
rat
, 1. I Skeletal System July 21st
/ The 2021
,
1.1.1 /
Distinguish anatomically between the axial and appendicular skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton Axial Skeleton
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-
Pectoral Girdle -
skull
clavicle
•
scapulae clavicles >
* -
sternum & ribs
.ir? .:td*:;ij
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:*
Humerus sternum vertebral column 1331
scapula
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- -
,
-
Radius and ulna •B• ribs -
cervical vertebrae 171
:*
-
carpals humerus noooooo .
'
thoracic vertebrae 112 )
-8-8
Ulna
:*
metacarpals lumbar vertebrae 151
.ae#:*.:*:i.ao
•
-
sacral vertebrae
phalanges 151
-
•
carpals
pelvic girdle coccyx 141
- '
•
ilium
phalanges ÷ ilium
metacarpals ischium
•
ischium
pubis
'
femur
-
femur Patella Axial Skeleton
patella
-
tibia
Appendicular Skeleton
-
tibia and fibula
-
tarsals fibula tarsals
metatarsals
:* .tw#H-.: f-.m.&:-*tHHH-*.H.i
.
metatarsals
phalanges
-
1.1.2 / between the axial and appendicular skeleton interns of function
Distinguish
1) Protection :
protect vital organs Appendicular Skeleton
'
Axial skeleton
2) Attachment attachment points for :
muscles
-
Attachment -
Protection
3) Support :
organs and tissues require structure
-
Support -
Attachment
4) Movement :
attachment of muscles
-
Movement -
Support
5) Store minerals :
minerals such as calcium
-
store minerals -
Movement
6) Produce red and white blood cells
-
produce red and white blood cells
1.1.3 /
Statethefourtypesofbone
-
Long bone -
Flat Bones
↳ essential for movement ↳ have curved surfaces
-
femur humerus clavicles ↳
protect organs
,
>
↳ allow muscle attachment
-
Short Bones -
cranium ribs sternum
> ,
↳ cube shaped bones
↳
provides strength for intricate movements Irregular Bones
-
Vertebrae
weight-bearing sacrum
coccyx
'
-
, >
carpals tarsals
'
,
1.1.5 /
Apply anatomical terminology to the location of bones
inferior : below /further from the head proximal to where limb attaches to the
body
:
near a
away
-
-
↳ Knees ↳ shoulder hand
are inferior to the shoulders is proximal to the
superior above orneartothehead distal further away from where
alimbattachestothebody
-
: -
:
↳ skull is ↳ the hand is distal in relation to the shoulder
superior to the shoulders
of the posterior behind to the back
medial
body
closer to the midline
: :
or nearer
-
-
↳ ↳ vertebral column is
thecoccyxismedialtothecarp.us posterior to the sternum
-
lateral away from the centre lmidlineofthebody
: -
anterior :
infront or nearer to the front
↳ the humerus is lateral tithe sternum ↳ sternum is anterior to the vertebrae
, 1.1.4 /
Drawandannotatethestructureofalongbone
.÷g:÷→i÷*
spongy
-
-
-
Diaphysis
Epiphysis /
(compact
spongy bone )
:
bone ) :
along shaft covered by the periosteum
two end portions covered
Articular cartilage :a blueish white smooth surface that reduces
friction and
by articular cartilage ÷ compact
bone
blood
vessel
cavity
iii.
absorbs shock
Bone
Marrow Diaphysis
Cavity :
marrow
-
contains bone marrow
-
Capillaries : supply oxygenated blood periosteum
'
Periosteum : the thatwrapsaroundtheboneandactsas protection
-
-
skin
1.1.6 / Outline the functions of connectives tissues
articular
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/ Epiphysis
Tendons : which attach muscles -10 bones cartilage
strong strips
Ligaments : strong bands that connect bonestobonesatjoint
Cartilage : soft cushioning substance that covers the ends of bones
-
>
acts as a shock absorber and,
reduces friction
1.1.7 /
Definethetermjoint
Joint : where two bones meet to articulate with eachother
1.1.9 / Outline the features of
between the different
a
synovial joint 1.1.8 -
Distinguish types ofjointin
Articular
cartilage
: the line of hyaline cartilage relationtomovementpermitted
thatallowsjointmovementandprotectsthejoint
from dislocation , reduces friction > absorbs shock Fibrous ( fixed )
and protects the bone ↳ no movement allowed
synovial fluid : liquid that coats and lubricates
articular
cartilage preventing
,
friction Cartilaginous
↳ limited movement allowed
.
Synovial Membrane :
lubricates the joint
reduces
synovial
cavity which ↳ most common the
friction
joint body
in
↳
freely moving joints synovial
that contain
Bursae : small fluid in a
cavity around
articulating bones
fluid-filled sacs
which prevents friction
Meniscus : semilunar discsmadeoutoffibrocartilagepads found between some
articulating bones
Allow bones to fit for the
together tightly and they provide cushioning joint
1.
1.IO/Listthedifferenttypesofsynovialjoints
Synovial Joint Type Of Movement Example
Hinge Flexion and extension elbow / Kneejoint
o Pivotpotationofonebonearoundanothertopofnecklradioulnarj
flexion, extension > adduction abduction
Ball and socket , shoulder / hip joint
and rotation
flexion extension adduction abduction wrist joint
condyloid > > ,
and circumduction ( between the radius & carpal bones )
flexion extension adduction abduction thumb lbetweenthecarpalbonelthe
saddle ,
, >
dndcircumduction metacarpal bone )
Gliding Gliding movements tarsal / carpal bones
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