BioChem C785 study guide PA
Complementary DNA and/or RNA molecules pair with each other by hydrogen bonding during
replication, transcription, or translation. Which of the following pairs of molecules are complementary?
(Select all that apply) Correct Answer: tRNA and mRNA
mRNA and template DNA
During DNA replication the parent strands ______ and DNA polymerase______. Correct Answer:
separate, creates the new DNA strands
The following sequence is one strand of the DNA that makes up the SNCA gene that codes for alpha-
synuclein, a protein found in the brain. 5' ATGCGGTGACGG 3' Which of the following is the
complementary second DNA strand? Correct Answer: 5' CCGTCACCGCAT 3'
Assume you start with one copy of target DNA. How many copies of DNA will be made after 4 rounds
of PCR (assume 100% reaction efficiency)? Correct Answer: 16
What are the necessary ingredients for a PCR reaction? Correct Answer: dNTPs; thermostable DNA
polymerase; DNA primers; double-stranded DNA
A frameshift mutation changed this sequence 5' AAC GCT TAG 3' to which of the following? Correct
Answer: 3' GAT TCG CA 5'
Which choice represents a silent mutation for this sequence: 5' GGU UGC ACU 3'? Correct Answer:
5' GGU UGC ACA 3'
Beta thalassemia is a disease that causes low levels of hemoglobin. To inherit this autosomal
disease, an individual must receive two mutant alleles. Which of the following likely represents the
chromosome pairs of a healthy parent who has a child with beta thalassemia? (The yellow band
represents the mutant allele and the green band represents the normal allele.) * Correct Answer:
Option 3- The chromosomes of a healthy parent who has a child with beta thalassemia must be a
carrier of the disease, i.e. the parent must have one copy of the (dominant) normal allele and one
copy of the (recessive) mutant allele.
Your black dog and your friend's white dog have puppies. If inheritance of coat color is co-dominant,
the coat color of the puppies will be ________________, the color will be _______________ if
incompletely dominant, and it will be _______________ if it is complete dominant Correct Answer:
Black-and-white spotted, gray, black
Freidreich's ataxia is an autosomal recessive disorder that results from multiple GAA insertions into
the FXN gene. Which of the following best illustrates the inheritance pattern of Freidreich's ataxia in a
family with the disease? Correct Answer: None of these pedigrees are consistent with an autosomal
recessive pattern.
The pedigree chart for Option 3 shows evidence of carriers, and both males and females have
Friedrich's ataxia in this chart. These properties of the chart indicate that it is for an autosomal
recessive disease.
, Increased IGF2 expression is associated with many types of cancer. Studies have shown that when
mothers take folic acid before conception, children have increased methylation of this gene. Which of
the following is the best explanation for how this increased methylation could be beneficial? Correct
Answer: The increased methylation decreases the space between nucleosomes, decreasing the
expression of the IGF2 gene.
Which of the following sequences represents a coding strand of DNA that leads to the production of
the following polypeptide chain: Tyr Cys Val Correct Answer: 5' TAC TGT GTA 3'
Which of the following accurately compares DNA mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair?
Correct Answer: Both processes involve recognition of the section requiring repair, removal of this
section, replacement of the bases with DNA polymerase, and ligation.
Which of the following best describes the role of nonhomologous end joining? Correct Answer: When
there are double stranded breaks, this process joins the ends of the DNA together to fix the break.
The _____ and _____ are common to all amino acids but the ______ is unique to each amino acid.
Correct Answer: Carboxyl group, amino group, R group
Which of the following amino acids would form an ionic bond with lysine? Correct Answer: Option 4-
To form an ionic bond, a positively charged amino acid, like lysine, must form a bond with a
negatively charged amino acid.
17. What portion of the amino acid is located inside the red box? Correct Answer: Carboxyl group
Which of the following pairs of amino acids would form a hydrophobic interaction? Correct Answer:
Option 1-both of the amino acids are hydrophobic (their side-chains end with -CH2).
Which level of protein structure is composed only of peptide bonds? Correct Answer: Primary
The protein alpha-synuclein contains two cysteine amino acids at positions 38 and 112, which form a
disulfide bond with each other. Which level of protein structure does this disulfide bond help to
stabilize? Correct Answer: Tertiary
The secondary level of protein structure is stabilized by which of the following? Correct Answer:
Hydrogen bonds between carboxyl and amino groups in the backbone of the protein
An inborn error of metabolism is caused when a metabolic enzyme, which normally contains an
Asparagine at position 115, is mutated to Valine. Which amino acid below can replace Valine to
restore the function of the metabolic enzyme? Correct Answer: Option 2-This amino acid R group of
glutamine is similar in structure to asparagine and would be expected to restore the function of the
enzyme.
Which statement describes a disease state caused by altered protein structure? Correct Answer: A
mutation in cyclin-dependent kinase results in cancer
An elderly patient is diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease. Which of the following is most likely the
cause this neurological disorder? Correct Answer: Aggregation of hydrophobic amino acids
Complementary DNA and/or RNA molecules pair with each other by hydrogen bonding during
replication, transcription, or translation. Which of the following pairs of molecules are complementary?
(Select all that apply) Correct Answer: tRNA and mRNA
mRNA and template DNA
During DNA replication the parent strands ______ and DNA polymerase______. Correct Answer:
separate, creates the new DNA strands
The following sequence is one strand of the DNA that makes up the SNCA gene that codes for alpha-
synuclein, a protein found in the brain. 5' ATGCGGTGACGG 3' Which of the following is the
complementary second DNA strand? Correct Answer: 5' CCGTCACCGCAT 3'
Assume you start with one copy of target DNA. How many copies of DNA will be made after 4 rounds
of PCR (assume 100% reaction efficiency)? Correct Answer: 16
What are the necessary ingredients for a PCR reaction? Correct Answer: dNTPs; thermostable DNA
polymerase; DNA primers; double-stranded DNA
A frameshift mutation changed this sequence 5' AAC GCT TAG 3' to which of the following? Correct
Answer: 3' GAT TCG CA 5'
Which choice represents a silent mutation for this sequence: 5' GGU UGC ACU 3'? Correct Answer:
5' GGU UGC ACA 3'
Beta thalassemia is a disease that causes low levels of hemoglobin. To inherit this autosomal
disease, an individual must receive two mutant alleles. Which of the following likely represents the
chromosome pairs of a healthy parent who has a child with beta thalassemia? (The yellow band
represents the mutant allele and the green band represents the normal allele.) * Correct Answer:
Option 3- The chromosomes of a healthy parent who has a child with beta thalassemia must be a
carrier of the disease, i.e. the parent must have one copy of the (dominant) normal allele and one
copy of the (recessive) mutant allele.
Your black dog and your friend's white dog have puppies. If inheritance of coat color is co-dominant,
the coat color of the puppies will be ________________, the color will be _______________ if
incompletely dominant, and it will be _______________ if it is complete dominant Correct Answer:
Black-and-white spotted, gray, black
Freidreich's ataxia is an autosomal recessive disorder that results from multiple GAA insertions into
the FXN gene. Which of the following best illustrates the inheritance pattern of Freidreich's ataxia in a
family with the disease? Correct Answer: None of these pedigrees are consistent with an autosomal
recessive pattern.
The pedigree chart for Option 3 shows evidence of carriers, and both males and females have
Friedrich's ataxia in this chart. These properties of the chart indicate that it is for an autosomal
recessive disease.
, Increased IGF2 expression is associated with many types of cancer. Studies have shown that when
mothers take folic acid before conception, children have increased methylation of this gene. Which of
the following is the best explanation for how this increased methylation could be beneficial? Correct
Answer: The increased methylation decreases the space between nucleosomes, decreasing the
expression of the IGF2 gene.
Which of the following sequences represents a coding strand of DNA that leads to the production of
the following polypeptide chain: Tyr Cys Val Correct Answer: 5' TAC TGT GTA 3'
Which of the following accurately compares DNA mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair?
Correct Answer: Both processes involve recognition of the section requiring repair, removal of this
section, replacement of the bases with DNA polymerase, and ligation.
Which of the following best describes the role of nonhomologous end joining? Correct Answer: When
there are double stranded breaks, this process joins the ends of the DNA together to fix the break.
The _____ and _____ are common to all amino acids but the ______ is unique to each amino acid.
Correct Answer: Carboxyl group, amino group, R group
Which of the following amino acids would form an ionic bond with lysine? Correct Answer: Option 4-
To form an ionic bond, a positively charged amino acid, like lysine, must form a bond with a
negatively charged amino acid.
17. What portion of the amino acid is located inside the red box? Correct Answer: Carboxyl group
Which of the following pairs of amino acids would form a hydrophobic interaction? Correct Answer:
Option 1-both of the amino acids are hydrophobic (their side-chains end with -CH2).
Which level of protein structure is composed only of peptide bonds? Correct Answer: Primary
The protein alpha-synuclein contains two cysteine amino acids at positions 38 and 112, which form a
disulfide bond with each other. Which level of protein structure does this disulfide bond help to
stabilize? Correct Answer: Tertiary
The secondary level of protein structure is stabilized by which of the following? Correct Answer:
Hydrogen bonds between carboxyl and amino groups in the backbone of the protein
An inborn error of metabolism is caused when a metabolic enzyme, which normally contains an
Asparagine at position 115, is mutated to Valine. Which amino acid below can replace Valine to
restore the function of the metabolic enzyme? Correct Answer: Option 2-This amino acid R group of
glutamine is similar in structure to asparagine and would be expected to restore the function of the
enzyme.
Which statement describes a disease state caused by altered protein structure? Correct Answer: A
mutation in cyclin-dependent kinase results in cancer
An elderly patient is diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease. Which of the following is most likely the
cause this neurological disorder? Correct Answer: Aggregation of hydrophobic amino acids
