ANATOMY AND PHYISIOLOGY TEST 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. how do endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands? a. Exocrine glands produce nonhormonal substances, such as sweat and saliva, and have ducts that carry these substances to a membrane area b. Endocrine glands (ductless glands) produce hormones and release them into the surrounding tissue fluid, typically with a rich vascular and lymphatic drainage i. Consists of number of glands spread out across the body including pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal. With other tissues as well in organs such as pancreas, gonads, and placenta 2. what are hormones and how do they differ from neurotransmitters in the nervous system? a. Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid these messengers travel through the blood and regulate the metabolic functions of other cells in the body b. Neurotransmitters on the other hand regulate the activity of muscles and glands via electrochemical impulses delivered by neurons, and those organs response within milliseconds, the response time, relayed across a synapse. 3. Which system produces a quicker response, nervous or endocrine? A longer lasting response? a. Nervous system produces a vastly quicker response as the quick electrical impulses in conjunction with short distances to travel make this true. the endocrine system, on the other hand, has its hormones travel though the blood, taking a longer time to reach its destination b. The endocrine system produces longer lasting responses, however hormones must be filtered out of the blood by the kidneys; as neurotransmitters are simply reabsorbed into the terminal vesicles 4. What organs are part of the endocrine system and why? a. They are part of the endocrine system because they release hormones into the surrounding tissues, include Adrenal Glands: Thymus, Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Gland, Pituitary Gland, Hypothalamus, Pancreas, Ovary and testes, Pineal Gland