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Samenvatting Inleiding Tot Het Recht (V5E800)
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Dit is mijn samenvatting recht met plaats hier en daar om zelf met de hand nog schema's bij te tekenen
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INLEIDING TOT HETRECHT
INHOUDSOPGAVE
1 INLEIDING ALGEMEEN .................................................................................................................................... 13
1 Recht : begripsomschrijving ....................................................................................................................... 13
1.1 Gedragsregels .................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2 Afdwingbaar gesteld door de overheid .............................................................................................. 13
2 Het doel van het recht ............................................................................................................................... 13
3 De bronnen van het recht .......................................................................................................................... 14
3.1 De wetgeving in ruime zin.................................................................................................................. 14
3.1.1 omschrijving ............................................................................................................................... 14
3.1.1.1 federale wetten ..................................................................................................................... 14
3.1.1.2 Decreten en ordonnaties ....................................................................................................... 14
3.1.1.3 Beslissingen uitvoerende macht............................................................................................ 14
3.1.2 Waar te vinden........................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 De gewoonte...................................................................................................................................... 14
3.3 De algemene rechtsbeginsels ............................................................................................................ 14
3.4 De rechtspraak ................................................................................................................................... 14
3.5 De rechtsleer...................................................................................................................................... 15
3.6 Private regelgeving ............................................................................................................................ 15
4 De indeling van het recht ........................................................................................................................... 15
4.1 De klassieke indeling in publiekrecht en privaat recht ....................................................................... 15
4.1.1 Publiek recht .............................................................................................................................. 16
4.1.1.1 Grondwettelijk recht / staatsrecht ........................................................................................ 16
4.1.1.2 Bestuursrecht / administratief recht ..................................................................................... 16
4.1.1.3 Strafrecht ............................................................................................................................... 16
1
, 4.1.1.4 Fiscaal recht ........................................................................................................................... 16
4.1.1.5 Gerechtelijk recht / procesrecht ........................................................................................... 16
4.1.1.5.1 Gerechtelijk privaatrecht................................................................................................. 16
4.1.1.5.2 Strafprocesrecht / strafvorderingsrecht ......................................................................... 17
4.1.2 Privaat recht............................................................................................................................... 17
4.1.2.1 Handelsrecht.......................................................................................................................... 17
4.1.2.2 Burgerlijk recht ...................................................................................................................... 17
4.1.2.2.1 Personenrecht ................................................................................................................. 17
4.1.2.2.2 Familierecht of gezinsrecht.............................................................................................. 17
4.1.2.2.3 Huwelijksvermogensrecht ............................................................................................... 17
4.1.2.2.4 Overeenkomstenrecht .................................................................................................... 17
4.1.2.2.5 Onrechtmatige daad........................................................................................................ 17
4.1.2.2.6 zakenrecht ....................................................................................................................... 17
4.1.2.2.7 Erfrecht ............................................................................................................................ 17
4.1.3 Gemengde recht ........................................................................................................................ 17
4.1.3.1 Arbeidsrecht .......................................................................................................................... 17
4.1.3.2 Sociale zekerheidsrecht ......................................................................................................... 17
4.2 Indeling op basis van normerende waarde van rechtsregels ............................................................. 18
4.2.1 Aanvullend recht ...................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.2 Dwingend recht ....................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.2.1 Dwingend recht van openbare orde ................................................................................ 18
4.2.2.2 Dwingend recht dat niet van openbare orde is ............................................................ 18
5 Rechtsfeiten ............................................................................................................................................... 18
6 Rechtsgevolgen .......................................................................................................................................... 19
7 Verbintenissen ........................................................................................................................................... 19
7.1.1 Begrip ......................................................................................................................................... 19
7.1.2 Soorten verbintenissen .............................................................................................................. 19
7.1.3 Bronnen van verbintenissen ...................................................................................................... 19
8 De taal van het recht.................................................................................................................................. 20
8.1.1 Vakjargon ................................................................................................................................... 20
8.1.2 Lange zinnen met overspannen tangconstructies ..................................................................... 21
2
, 8.1.3 Zware voorzetseluitdrukkingen.................................................................................................. 22
8.1.4 Verouderde woorden en constructies ....................................................................................... 23
8.1.5 Vreemde woorden ..................................................................................................................... 27
8.1.6 Doorverwijzingen ....................................................................................................................... 29
8.1.7 Rechtsleer als eerstelijnshulp bij het lezen van juridische teksten ............................................ 29
2 STAATSRECHT ................................................................................................................................................. 30
1 Staatsrecht: begripsomschrijving en bronnen ........................................................................................... 30
1.1 Begripsomschrijving: .......................................................................................................................... 30
1.2 Bronnen: ............................................................................................................................................ 30
2 De basiskenmerken van de Belgische staat ............................................................................................... 30
2.1 België is een democratie .................................................................................................................... 30
2.2 België is een rechtsstaat .................................................................................................................... 30
2.3 België is een monarchie ..................................................................................................................... 30
2.4 De scheiding der machten ................................................................................................................. 31
2.4.1.1 De oorspronkelijke theorie… ................................................................................................. 31
2.4.1.2 … toegepast op België ........................................................................................................... 31
2.5 België is een federale staat ................................................................................................................ 31
2.5.1 De deelgebieden in België.......................................................................................................... 32
2.5.2 De bevoegdheden van de federale staat, van de gemeenschappen en van de gewesten......... 32
2.6 Territoriale decentralisatie................................................................................................................. 32
3 De organen van de Belgische staat ............................................................................................................ 32
3.1.1 Organogram van de Belgische Staat .......................................................................................... 32
3.2 De Federale Wetgevende Macht ....................................................................................................... 34
3.2.1 Samenstelling en taak ................................................................................................................ 34
3.2.2 Werkwijze (‘Hoe Federale Wetten tot stand?’) ............................................................ 34
3.2.2.1 Initiatief ................................................................................................................................. 34
3.2.2.2 Advies van de Raad van State ................................................................................................ 34
3.2.2.3 Behandeling in het Federale Parlement ................................................................................ 34
3.2.2.4 Bekrachtiging, afkondiging en bekendmaking ...................................................................... 35
3.2.3 De beslissingen van de Federale Wetgevende Macht................................................................ 36
3.3 De Federale Uitvoerende Macht ........................................................................................................ 38
3
, 3.3.1 Samenstelling ............................................................................................................................. 38
3.3.2 Taken ......................................................................................................................................... 38
3.3.2.1 Uitvoeren van de wetten ....................................................................................................... 38
3.3.2.2 Indienen van wetsontwerpen................................................................................................ 39
3.3.2.3 Opstellen van de begroting.................................................................................................... 39
3.3.2.4 Handhaven............................................................................................................................. 39
3.3.3 Werkwijze .................................................................................................................................. 39
3.3.3.1 vergaderen............................................................................................................................. 39
3.3.3.1.1 De ministerraad ............................................................................................................... 39
3.3.3.1.2 Het kernkabinet ............................................................................................................... 39
3.3.3.2 Federale en programmatorische Overheidsdiensten............................................................ 39
3.3.3.2.1 FOD .................................................................................................................................. 39
3.3.3.2.2 POD .................................................................................................................................. 39
3.3.4 De beslissingen van de Federale Uitvoerende Macht ................................................................ 39
3.4 De Wetgevende Macht van de Gemeenschappen en van de Gewesten ........................................... 40
3.4.1 Samenstelling en taken .............................................................................................................. 40
3.4.2 Werkwijze (Hoe komen decreten en ordonnanties tot stand?) ................................................. 40
3.4.3 De beslissingen van de Wetgevende Machten van de Gemeenschappen en Gewesten ........... 40
3.5 De Uitvoerende Macht van de Gemeenschappen en Gewesten ....................................................... 40
3.5.1 Samenstelling en taken .............................................................................................................. 40
3.5.2 Werkwijze .................................................................................................................................. 41
3.5.2.1.1.1 De beslissingen van de Uitvoerende Macht van deGemeenschappen
en van de Gewesten................................................................................................................ 41
3.6 De Rechterlijke Macht........................................................................................................................ 41
3.7 De Provincies en Gemeenten ............................................................................................................. 41
4 Mensenrechten.......................................................................................................................................... 41
4.1 Mensenrechten: omschrijving en indeling ......................................................................................... 41
4.2 Bronnen van Mensenrechten ............................................................................................................ 42
4.3 Mensenrechten werken in principe enkel tegenover de overheid .................................................... 42
4.4 Zijn mensenrechten absoluut?........................................................................................................... 42
4.5 Enkele mensenrechten onder de loupe genomen ............................................................................. 43
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