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Samenvatting Uitgebreide notities 'dierziekten gezelschapsdieren' (OWA02f)

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Course
Dierziekten Gezelschapsdieren (OWA02F)

Institution
Odisee Hogeschool (Odisee)

In dit document vind je de uitgebreide notities van het vak 'dierziekten gezelschapsdieren', gegeven door S. Depauw (OWA02f). Het document bevat alle lessen die gegeven werden op campus en online. Waar nodig staan er prentjes om de ziektes te verduidelijken.

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Number of pages 73
Written in 2021/2022
Type Summary

hond
dierziekten
gezelschapsdieren
examen
ontwormen
vaccineren
hart
bloedsomloop
oog
oor
dierziekten gezelschapsdieren
preventie infectieuze aandoeningen
preventie infectieuze aandoeningen bij de hond

Institution
Odisee Hogeschool (Odisee)
Education
Agro-en Biotechnologie: Dierenzorg
Course
Dierziekten Gezelschapsdieren (OWA02F)

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1. Summary - Uitgebreide notities 'dierziekten gezelschapsdieren' (owa02f)
2. Summary - Beknopte samenvatting dierziekten gezelschapsdieren
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INHOUDSOPGAVE DIERZIEKTEN GEZELSCHAPSDIEREN
1. Preventie infectieuze aandoeningen bij de hond ..........................................................................................1
1.1 Vaccineren ................................................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Hondenziekte (distemper of de ziekte van carré) .............................................................................1
1.1.2 Parvo (kattenziekte) ..........................................................................................................................2
1.1.3 Leptospirose (de ziekte van Weill of rattenziekte)............................................................................2
1.1.4 Besmettelijke hepatitis (ziekte van rubarth of HCC) .........................................................................3
1.1.5 Kennelhoest (infectieuze tracheobronchitis) ....................................................................................3
1.1.6 Rabiës (hondsdolheid) .......................................................................................................................3
1.1.7 Herpes (fading puppy syndrome) ......................................................................................................5
1.2 Ontwormen ..............................................................................................................................................5
1.2.1 Wormen.............................................................................................................................................5
1.2.1.1 Spoelworm .................................................................................................................................5
1.2.1.2 Haakworm ..................................................................................................................................6
1.2.1.3 Zweepworm................................................................................................................................7
1.2.1.4 Lintworm ....................................................................................................................................7
1.2.1.5 Longworm...................................................................................................................................8
1.2.2 Ontwormingsadvies...........................................................................................................................9
1.2.2 Protozoa ..........................................................................................................................................10
1.2.2.1 Giardia duodenalis....................................................................................................................10
1.2.2.2 Coccidiose .................................................................................................................................10
2. Hart en bloedsomloop..................................................................................................................................11
2.1 Hoe onderzoek je de vitale tekenen van je hond en kat? ......................................................................11
2.1.1 Capillaire vullingstijd .......................................................................................................................11
2.1.2 Ademhalingsfrequentie ...................................................................................................................11
2.1.3 Hartslagfrequentie ..........................................................................................................................11
2.1.4 Temperatuur ...................................................................................................................................11
2.2 De werking van het hart .........................................................................................................................11
2.3 Symptomen hartproblemen ...................................................................................................................12
2.3.1 Herkenning hartproblemen hond ...................................................................................................12
2.3.2 Herkenning hartproblemen kat .......................................................................................................12
2.4 Diagnose van een hartaandoening.........................................................................................................12
2.5 Niet-infectieuze aandoeningen ..............................................................................................................13
2.5.1 Klepinsufficiëntie .............................................................................................................................13
2.5.2 Dilatorische cardiomyopathie (DCM) ..............................................................................................13

, 2.5.3 Hypertrofische cardiomyopathie ....................................................................................................13
2.5.4 Hartritmestoornissen ......................................................................................................................13
2.5.5 aangeboren hartafwijkingen ...........................................................................................................13
2.5.5.1 Aortastenose ............................................................................................................................13
2.5.5.2 Pulmonaalstenose ....................................................................................................................13
2.5.5.3 Persisterende ductus arteriosus van botalli (PDAB).................................................................13
2.5.5.4 Ventrikel septum deffect..........................................................................................................14
2.6 Behandeling van aandoeningen .............................................................................................................14
2.7 Infectieuze hartaandoeningen ...............................................................................................................14
2.7.1 Kattenaids ........................................................................................................................................14
2.7.2 Feline leukemie ...............................................................................................................................14
2.7.3 Hartworm (dilofilariose) ..................................................................................................................14
2.7.4 Leischmania .....................................................................................................................................15
2.8 Door teken overdraagbare ziektes .........................................................................................................15
2.8.1 Borreliose (lyme) .............................................................................................................................16
2.8.2 Anaplasmose ...................................................................................................................................16
2.8.3 Babesiose.........................................................................................................................................17
2.8.4 Ehrlichiose .......................................................................................................................................17
3. Afwijkingen van het oog ...............................................................................................................................17
3.1 Werking van het oog ..............................................................................................................................17
3.2 Afwijkingen aan de oogleden .................................................................................................................18
3.2.1 Entropion .........................................................................................................................................18
3.2.2 Ectropion .........................................................................................................................................18
3.2.3 Abnormale wimpergroei .................................................................................................................18
3.2.3.1 Distichiasis ................................................................................................................................18
3.2.3.2 Trichiasis ...................................................................................................................................18
3.2.4 Oogspleetafwijkingen ......................................................................................................................18
3.2.5 Bolle ogen ........................................................................................................................................18
3.2.6 Cherry eye .......................................................................................................................................19
3.3 Afwijkingen aan de traanklieren ............................................................................................................19
3.3.1 Tranende ogen ................................................................................................................................19
3.3.2 Droge ogen (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) ..........................................................................................19
3.4 Afwijkingen aan het bindvlies (conjunctiva) ..........................................................................................19
3.4.1 Conjunctivitis ...................................................................................................................................19
3.5 Afwijkingen aan het hoornvlies (cornea) ...............................................................................................19
3.5.1 Keratitis ...........................................................................................................................................19
2

, 3.5.1.1 Ulceratief ..................................................................................................................................20
3.5.1.2 Niet-ulceratief ..........................................................................................................................20
3.6 Afwijkingen aan de lens..........................................................................................................................20
3.6.1 Cataract (grauwe staar) ...................................................................................................................20
3.7 Afwijkingen aan de oogkamers ..............................................................................................................20
3.7.1 Glaucoom (groene staar).................................................................................................................20
3.8 Afwijkingen aan het netvlies (retina) .....................................................................................................20
3.8.1 Progressieve retina atrofie (PRA) ....................................................................................................20
4. Aandoeningen van het oor ...........................................................................................................................20
4.1 Werking van het oor ...............................................................................................................................20
4.2 Primaire afwijkingen oor ........................................................................................................................21
4.2.1 Oormijt (Otodectes cynotis) ............................................................................................................21
4.2.2 Uitwendige oorontsteking (Otitis externa) .....................................................................................21
4.2.3 Midden- en/of binnenoorontsteking (Otitis interna) ......................................................................21
4.2.4 Vestibulair syndroom ......................................................................................................................21
4.2.5 Vreemde voorwerpen .....................................................................................................................22
4.2.6 Gescheurd trommelvlies .................................................................................................................22
4.2.7 Oorhematoom .................................................................................................................................22
4.2.8 Zwelling oren ...................................................................................................................................22
4.3 Gehoorproblemen ..................................................................................................................................22
4.3.1 Aangeboren doofheid......................................................................................................................22
4.3.2 Verkregen doofheid.........................................................................................................................22
5. Ademhalingsstelsel .......................................................................................................................................23
5.1 De ademhaling........................................................................................................................................23
5.2 Ademhalingsproblemen .........................................................................................................................23
5.2.1 Hoesten ...........................................................................................................................................23
5.2.2 Infectieuze ziekten ..........................................................................................................................23
5.2.2.1 Kennelhoest ..............................................................................................................................23
5.2.2.2 Niesziekte .................................................................................................................................23
5.3.1 Brachycefaal obstructief syndroom (BOS) ......................................................................................24
5.3.1.1 Larnyxcollaps ............................................................................................................................25
5.4 Reverse sneezing syndroom ...................................................................................................................25
5.5 Larynxparalyse ........................................................................................................................................25
5.6 Ingeklapte luchtpijp (tracheacollaps) .....................................................................................................25
5.7 Bronchitis................................................................................................................................................25
5.8 Longontsteking (pneumonie) .................................................................................................................26
3

, 5.9 Aspiratiepneumonie ...............................................................................................................................26
5.10 Klaplong ................................................................................................................................................26
6. Huid ..............................................................................................................................................................26
6.1 Pruritis ....................................................................................................................................................26
6.2 Allergie....................................................................................................................................................27
6.3 Onderzoeken ..........................................................................................................................................27
6.4 Ectoparasieten........................................................................................................................................27
6.4.1 Luizen...............................................................................................................................................27
6.4.2 Vlooien.............................................................................................................................................27
6.4.3 Teken ...............................................................................................................................................28
6.4.4 Mijten ..............................................................................................................................................28
6.4.4.1 Schurft ......................................................................................................................................28
6.4.4.2 Demodex ..................................................................................................................................29
6.4.4.3 Vachtmijt ..................................................................................................................................29
7. Preventie infectieuze aandoeningen kat......................................................................................................29
7.1 Vaccineren ..............................................................................................................................................29
7.1.1 Niesziekte ........................................................................................................................................29
7.1.1.1 Overdracht................................................................................................................................29
7.1.1.2 Symptomen ..............................................................................................................................29
7.1.1.3 Leververvetting.........................................................................................................................30
7.1.1.4 Preventie en behandeling ........................................................................................................30
7.1.2 Kattenziekte (parvo) ........................................................................................................................30
7.1.2.1 Verwekker ................................................................................................................................30
7.1.2.2 Symptomen ..............................................................................................................................30
7.1.2.3 Overdracht................................................................................................................................30
7.1.2.4 Preventie ..................................................................................................................................31
7.1.3 Leucose (FeLV) .................................................................................................................................31
7.1.3.1 Verwekker ................................................................................................................................31
7.1.3.2 Overdracht................................................................................................................................31
7.1.3.3 Symptomen ..............................................................................................................................31
7.1.3.4 Diagnose ...................................................................................................................................31
7.1.3.5 Preventie ..................................................................................................................................31
7.1.4 Kattenaids (FIV) ...............................................................................................................................32
7.1.4.1 Verwekker ................................................................................................................................32
7.1.4.2 Overdracht................................................................................................................................32
7.1.4.3 Symptomen ..............................................................................................................................32
4

, 7.1.4.4 Diagnose ...................................................................................................................................33
7.1.4.5 Preventie ..................................................................................................................................33
7.1.5 Feline infectieuze peritonitis (FIP) ...................................................................................................33
7.1.5.1 Verwekker ................................................................................................................................33
7.1.5.2 Overdracht................................................................................................................................33
7.1.5.3 Symptomen ..............................................................................................................................34
7.1.5.4 Diagnose ...................................................................................................................................34
7.1.5.5 Preventie ..................................................................................................................................34
7.2 Ontwormen ............................................................................................................................................34
7.2.1 Aanbevolen ontwormingen .............................................................................................................35
7.2.2 Aanvullende behandelingen voor de kat ........................................................................................35
7.2.3 FAQ ..................................................................................................................................................35
7.2.3.1 Hoe lang werkt een ontwormingsmiddel? ...............................................................................35
7.2.3.2 Hoe vaak worden binnenkatten ontwormd? ...........................................................................35
7.2.3.3 Vanaf welke leeftijd moeten kittens ontwormd worden? .......................................................35
7.3 Zoönoses.................................................................................................................................................36
7.3.1 Toxoplasmose ..................................................................................................................................36
7.3.1.1 Overdracht................................................................................................................................36
7.3.1.2 Symptomen ..............................................................................................................................36
7.3.1.3 Preventie ..................................................................................................................................36
7.3.2 Kattenkrabziekte .............................................................................................................................37
7.3.2.1 Overdracht................................................................................................................................37
7.3.2.2 Symptomen ..............................................................................................................................37
7.3.2.3 Preventie en behandeling ........................................................................................................37
7.3.3 Katrienewiel (ringworm) .................................................................................................................37
7.3.3.1 Overdracht................................................................................................................................37
7.3.3.2 Symptomen ..............................................................................................................................37
7.3.3.3 Preventie en behandeling ........................................................................................................38
7.3.4 Toxocariasis .....................................................................................................................................38
7.3.4.1 Symptomen ..............................................................................................................................38
7.3.4.1 Preventie ..................................................................................................................................38
8. Bijzondere diersoorten – veel voorkomende aandoeningen .......................................................................38
8.1 Konijn......................................................................................................................................................38
8.1.1 Handeling.........................................................................................................................................38
8.1.2 vaccinatie.........................................................................................................................................39
8.1.2.1 Rabbit Haemorrhagic disease...................................................................................................39
5

, 8.1.2.2 Myxomatose .............................................................................................................................39
8.1.3 Ontworming ....................................................................................................................................39
8.1.4 Castratie en sterilisatie ....................................................................................................................39
8.1.5 Ectoparasieten.................................................................................................................................39
8.1.5.1 Myasis .......................................................................................................................................39
8.1.5.2 Oormijt .....................................................................................................................................40
8.1.5.3 Vachtmijt ..................................................................................................................................40
8.1.6 Maag-darm ......................................................................................................................................40
8.1.6.1 Tympanie ..................................................................................................................................40
8.1.6.2 Plakpoep ...................................................................................................................................40
8.1.6.3 Waterige diarree ......................................................................................................................40
8.1.7 Gebit ................................................................................................................................................40
8.2 Fret .........................................................................................................................................................40
8.2.1 Handeling.........................................................................................................................................40
8.2.2 Vaccinatie ........................................................................................................................................41
8.2.2.1 Hondenziekte ...........................................................................................................................41
8.3.2 Ontworming ....................................................................................................................................41
8.3.3 Castratie ..........................................................................................................................................41
8.3.3.1 Beenmergdepressie..................................................................................................................41
8.3.4 Kanker..............................................................................................................................................41
8.3.4.1 Bijniertumor .............................................................................................................................41
8.3.4.2 Insulinoom ................................................................................................................................41
8.3.5 Griep ................................................................................................................................................42
8.4 Schildpad ................................................................................................................................................42
8.4.1 Handling...........................................................................................................................................42
8.4.2 Middenoorontsteking......................................................................................................................42
8.4.3 Oogontsteking .................................................................................................................................42
8.4.4 Longontsteking ................................................................................................................................43
8.4.5 Bekproblemen .................................................................................................................................43
8.4.5.1 Papegaaienbek .........................................................................................................................43
8.4.5.2 Mondrot ...................................................................................................................................43
8.4.6 Schildproblemen..............................................................................................................................43
8.4.6.1 Schildrot....................................................................................................................................43
8.4.6.2 Rachitis .....................................................................................................................................44
8.4.6 Verstopping .....................................................................................................................................44
8.4.7 Legnood ...........................................................................................................................................44
6

, 8.4.8 Prolaps .............................................................................................................................................44
9. Nefrologie en urologie..................................................................................................................................44
9.1 Incontinentie ..........................................................................................................................................44
9.2 Prostaataandoeningen ...........................................................................................................................45
9.3 Blaasontsteking ......................................................................................................................................45
9.4 Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) ............................................................................................45
9.4.1 Urethral plug ...................................................................................................................................45
9.4.2 Urolithiasis .......................................................................................................................................45
9.5 Acute nierinsufficiëntie ..........................................................................................................................46
9.6 Chronische nierinsufficiëntie..................................................................................................................46
9.7 Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)..............................................................................................................46
10. Endocrinologie............................................................................................................................................46
10.1 Aandoening van de hypofyse ...............................................................................................................46
10.1.1 Diabetes insipidus..........................................................................................................................46
10.1.2 Acromegalie...................................................................................................................................46
10.1.3 Dwerggroei ....................................................................................................................................47
10.2 Aandoeningen van de schildklier .........................................................................................................47
10.2.1 Hypothyroïdie ................................................................................................................................47
10.2.2 Hyperthyroïdie ..............................................................................................................................47
10.3 Aandoeningen aan de pancreas ...........................................................................................................47
10.3.1 Diabetes mellitus ...........................................................................................................................47
10.4 Aandoeningen aan de bijnier ...............................................................................................................48
10.4.1 Cushing ..........................................................................................................................................48
10.4.2 Ziekte van Addison ........................................................................................................................48
10.4.3 Endocriene alopecie ......................................................................................................................48
11. Tumoren .....................................................................................................................................................48
11.1 Ontstaan ...............................................................................................................................................48
11.2 Waarom maken tumoren ziek? ............................................................................................................49
11.3 Goedaardig – kwaadaardig...................................................................................................................49
11.3.1 Goedaardige tumoren ...................................................................................................................49
11.3.2 Kwaadaardige tumoren .................................................................................................................49
11.4 Erfelijkheid............................................................................................................................................50
11.5 Behandeling en diagnose .....................................................................................................................50
11.6 Huidtumoren ........................................................................................................................................50
11.6.1 Papilloma .......................................................................................................................................50
11.6.2 Lipoma ...........................................................................................................................................50
7

, 11.6.3 Peri anaal adenoom.......................................................................................................................50
11.6.4 Melanoom .....................................................................................................................................50
11.6.5 Squameus celcarcinoma ................................................................................................................50
11.7 Mammatumoren ..................................................................................................................................50
12. Epilepsie .....................................................................................................................................................51
12.1 Fasen ....................................................................................................................................................51
12.2 Ingrijpen ...............................................................................................................................................51
13. Aandoeningen van het bewegingsstelsel ...................................................................................................51
13.1 Discus hernia ........................................................................................................................................51
13.1.1 Extrusie van de discus ...................................................................................................................52
13.1.1.1 Neurologische graad...............................................................................................................52
13.1.2 Protrusie van de discus..................................................................................................................52
13.1.3 Lumbosacraal syndroom ...............................................................................................................52
13.2 Breuk ....................................................................................................................................................52
13.3 Heupdysplasie ......................................................................................................................................53
13.4 Artrose ..................................................................................................................................................53
13.5 Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) ........................................................................................................54
13.6 Patellaluxatie ........................................................................................................................................54
14. Aandoeningen van het verteringsstelsel ....................................................................................................54
14.1 Gingivitis – parodontitis .......................................................................................................................54
14.1.1 Extra informatie over het gebit .....................................................................................................54
14.2 Braken...................................................................................................................................................54
14.3 Diarree ..................................................................................................................................................55
14.4 Maagtorsie ...........................................................................................................................................55
14.5 Anaalzakjes ...........................................................................................................................................56
15. Aandoeningen voortplantingsstelsel..........................................................................................................56
15.1 Geslachtsrijpheid ..................................................................................................................................56
15.2 Geslachtsdifferentiatie .........................................................................................................................57
15.2.1 Teef en kattin ................................................................................................................................57
15.2.2 reu en kater ...................................................................................................................................57
15.3 Oestrale cyclus......................................................................................................................................57
15.3.1 Teven .............................................................................................................................................57
15.3.1.1 Anoestrus ...............................................................................................................................58
15.3.1.2 Proestrus ................................................................................................................................58
15.3.1.3 Oestrus ...................................................................................................................................58
15.3.1.4 Metoestrus .............................................................................................................................58
8

, 15.3.1.5 Dracht .....................................................................................................................................58
15.3.1.6 Partus......................................................................................................................................59
15.3.2 Queen ............................................................................................................................................59
15.3.2.1 Drachtdiagnose ......................................................................................................................60
15.3.2.2 Partus......................................................................................................................................60
15.4 Dekking .................................................................................................................................................60
15.4.1 Dekking hond.................................................................................................................................60
15.4.2 Dekking kat ....................................................................................................................................60
15.5 Medische aandoeningen ......................................................................................................................61
15.5.1 Genitaliën reu en kater..................................................................................................................61
15.5.1.1 Cryptorchidie ..........................................................................................................................61
15.5.1.2 Testikelvergroting...................................................................................................................61
15.5.1.3 Testikelverkleining..................................................................................................................61
15.5.1.4 Prostaathyperplasie ...............................................................................................................61
15.5.2 Genitaliën teef en queen...............................................................................................................61
15.5.2.1 Pyometra ................................................................................................................................61
15.5.3 Dracht ............................................................................................................................................62
15.5.3.1 Resorptie ................................................................................................................................62
15.5.3.2 Abortus ...................................................................................................................................62
15.5.4 Partus.............................................................................................................................................62
15.5.4.1 Inertie of weeënzwakte ..........................................................................................................62
15.5.4.2 Dystocie ..................................................................................................................................62
15.5.5 Na de partus ..................................................................................................................................62
15.3.5.1 Uterusprolaps .........................................................................................................................63
15.5.6 Lactatie ..........................................................................................................................................63
15.5.6.1 Mastitis ...................................................................................................................................63
15.5.6.2 Agalactatie ..............................................................................................................................63
15.5.6.3 Eclampsie................................................................................................................................63
15.6 Anticonceptie .......................................................................................................................................63
15.6.1 Castratie ........................................................................................................................................63
15.6.1.2 Nadelen ..................................................................................................................................64
15.6.1.1 Voordelen ...............................................................................................................................64
15.6.2 Sterilisatie ......................................................................................................................................64
15.6.2.1 Castratie VS. sterilisatie ..........................................................................................................64
15.6.3 De pil – prikpil ................................................................................................................................64

9

, DIERZIEKTEN GEZELSCHAPSDIEREN
1. PREVENTIE INFECTIEUZE AANDOENINGEN BIJ DE HOND
1.1 VACCINEREN
Bij jonge dieren is het afweerapparaat minder goed ontwikkeld dan bij volwassen dieren. Verder kunnen bij
jonge dieren afweerstoffen aanwezig zijn die zij van hun moeder hebben gekregen. Deze afweerstoffen geven
gedurende enkele weken bescherming tegen de ziekte, maar kunnen ook de weerstandsopbouw na een
vaccinatie remmen. Daarom is het heel belangrijk dat pups tot de leeftijd van 12 weken regelmatig worden
gevaccineerd. Vaak zijn er combinatievaccins, waardoor dieren meer gevaccineerd worden dan nodig is. Dit
komt doordat er niet bij elke ziekte evenveel gevaccineerd moet worden.

1.1.1 HONDENZIEKTE (DISTEMPER OF DE ZIEKTE VAN CARRÉ )
Hondenziekte wordt ook wel distemper of de ziekte van carré genoemd. Deze ziekte wordt veroorzaakt door
het Morbillivirus, dat verwant is aan de mazelen en de runderpest. Het komt voor bij honden, maar ook bij
vossen, wasberen, jakhalzen, leeuwen, luipaarden, fretten, beren, hyena’s, zeehonden, otters … Het is dus
geen diersoortspecifiek virus. Ook in dierentuinen moet er dus zeer veel gevaccineerd worden tegen deze
ziekte. De hondenziekte komt wereldwijd voor, en vooral pups (3-6 maanden) hebben erge symptomen en
kunnen sterven. Ook bij ouderen dieren treden er symptomen op, deze zijn vaak subklinisch en kunnen op
de bovenste ademhalingswegen zijn. Het virus wordt verspreid via de lucht, peroraal (mond) contact, direct
en indirect contact en transplacentair (via moederkoek). Hierdoor is het heel moeilijk om deze ziekte tegen
te houden. Een epidemie van de hondenziekte heeft in de jaren ’90, een derde van de leeuwenpopulatie in
de Serengeti gedood.

Het virus nestelt zich in afweercellen, wat gedaan wordt door vele virussen. Het virus kruipt in zowel de
macrofagen en de lymfocyten, waar het zich gaat vermenigvuldigen. Ze doen dit ter hoogte van de
amandelen en lymfeknopen. Op die manier gaat het virus via het lymfesysteem en de bloedbaan verspreiden
naar verschillende stelsels, zoals het ademhalingsstelsel, het gastro-intestinaal stelsel (maagdarmstelsel), het

1

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