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MODULE 1: COMPUTERSYSTEMEN EN SOFTWARE
Module 1A: computersystemen en software.........................................................................................6
1. Digitale revolutie............................................................................................................................6
1.1 Computers en hun geschiedenis...............................................................................................6
1.2 Moore’s wet.............................................................................................................................6
1.3 Computer-architectuur.............................................................................................................7
2. Algoritmes en software...................................................................................................................8
2.1 Algoritmes................................................................................................................................8
2.2 Software.................................................................................................................................12
Module 1B: internet en cloud...............................................................................................................14
1. Computernetwerken en internet..................................................................................................14
1.1 Nut van computernetwerken.................................................................................................14
1.2 Een beknopte geschiedenis van communicatie- en computernetwerken en de evolutie van
het internet...................................................................................................................................14
1.3 Enkele technische aspecten van computernetwerken...........................................................17
1.4 Enkele bedenkingen bij het internet.......................................................................................18
1.5 Conclusie.................................................................................................................................18
2. Cloud Computing..........................................................................................................................19
2.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................19
2.2 Wat is de "cloud"?..................................................................................................................19
2.3 Lagen van cloud computing....................................................................................................20
2.4 Types van cloud......................................................................................................................20
2.5 Bedenkingen...........................................................................................................................20
3. Het Internet der Dingen................................................................................................................20
3.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................20
3.2 IoT: definitie en kenmerken....................................................................................................20
3.3 De architectuur van het Internet of Things.............................................................................21
3.4 Toepassingen..........................................................................................................................21
3.5 Uitdagingen voor IoT..............................................................................................................21
Module 2A: big data, machine learning en artificiële intelligentie.......................................................23
1. Concepten en definities................................................................................................................23
1.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................23
1.2 Big Data...................................................................................................................................23
1.3 Internet of Things...................................................................................................................25
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, 1.4 Artificiële Intelligentie.............................................................................................................25
1.5 Gemeenschappelijke deler: slimme algoritmes......................................................................26
2. Maatschappelijke uitdagingen......................................................................................................26
2.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................26
2.2 Privacyrechten........................................................................................................................26
2.3 Gelijkheidsrechten..................................................................................................................26
2.4 Vrijheidsrechten.....................................................................................................................26
2.5 Procedurele rechten...............................................................................................................26
3. Recente beleidsontwikkelingen....................................................................................................27
3.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................27
3.2 Ethische richtsnoeren.............................................................................................................27
3.3 Technische standaarden.........................................................................................................27
Module 2B: slimme algoritmes in tekst- en beeldanalyse....................................................................28
1. Neurale netwerken.......................................................................................................................28
1.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................28
1.2 Wat zijn (diepe) neurale netwerken.......................................................................................28
1.3 Waarom gebruiken we neurale netwerken............................................................................29
1.4 Hoe leren neurale netwerken.................................................................................................29
1.5 Types neurale netwerken.......................................................................................................30
1.6 Uitsmijter: geschiedenis en toekomst van neurale netwerken...............................................31
2. Beeldanalyse.................................................................................................................................31
2.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................31
2.2 Beeldinterpretatie..................................................................................................................32
2.3 Beeldgeneratie........................................................................................................................33
2.4 Uitdagingen............................................................................................................................33
3. Tekstanalyse.................................................................................................................................34
3.1 Begrippen...............................................................................................................................34
3.2 Tekstanalyse...........................................................................................................................35
3.3 Tekstgeneratie........................................................................................................................36
3.4 Informatiefusie.......................................................................................................................36
3.5 Slotbeschouwing.....................................................................................................................36
3.6 Uitsmijter: de inzet van tekst mining bij de analyse van politierapporten..............................36
Module 2C: slimme algoritmes in de rechtspraktijk.............................................................................36
1. Legal Tech.....................................................................................................................................36
1.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................36
1.2 Wat is legal tech......................................................................................................................36
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, 1.3 Impact van Legal Tech.............................................................................................................37
1.4 Legal Tech en Open Data........................................................................................................38
2. AI in de rechtspraak......................................................................................................................39
2.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................39
2.2 De rechtbank van de toekomst...............................................................................................39
2.3 Legal Analytics........................................................................................................................40
2.4 Principes voor de introductie van AI in de rechtspraak..........................................................41
2.5 Voor- en nadelen van AI in de rechtspraak.............................................................................41
2.6 Afsluitende beschouwingen: zonder wrijven geen glans........................................................42
Module 2D: regulering van Artificiële Intelligentie...............................................................................42
1. Overzicht regulering van AI...........................................................................................................42
1.2 Vooraf: ten geleide.................................................................................................................42
2.2 De regulering van artificiële intelligentie in de Europese Unie...............................................42
1.3 Enkele andere (inter)nationale initiatieven en instellingen....................................................42
2. Gevalstudie: buitencontractuele aansprakelijkheid......................................................................42
2.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................42
2.2 Rechtspersoonlijkheid voor AI-systemen................................................................................42
2.3 Foutaansprakelijkheid (art. 1382-1383 BW)...........................................................................43
2.4 Productaansprakelijkheid.......................................................................................................44
2.5 Foutloze aansprakelijkheid voor personen en zaken (operatoren).........................................45
2.6 Bewijslast inzake causaliteit en andere aansprakelijkheidselementen...................................46
2.7 Besluit.....................................................................................................................................47
Module 3A: online privacy....................................................................................................................48
1. Begrippen en definities.................................................................................................................48
1.1 Privacy: definities, perspectieven en taxonomieën................................................................48
1.2 Privacy-by-design....................................................................................................................48
1.3 Privacytechnologie (privacy engineering)...............................................................................49
2. Uitdagingen voor online privacy...................................................................................................50
2.1 Metadata en verkeersanalyse.................................................................................................50
2.2 Online Tracking.......................................................................................................................50
3. Anonimiseren van databanken en differentiële privacy...............................................................55
3.1 Inleiding: anonimiseren versus pseudonimiseren...................................................................55
3.2 Hoe veilig zijn ‘geanonimiseerde’ datasets?...........................................................................56
3.3 Anonimiseringtechnieken.......................................................................................................57
3.4 Pseudonimiseringtechnieken..................................................................................................59
3.5 Afsluitende beschouwing........................................................................................................60
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, Module 3B: securitytechnologieën.......................................................................................................60
1. Inleiding tot cybersecurity............................................................................................................60
1.1 De evolutie van ‘cyberspace’..................................................................................................60
1.2 Cybersecurity incidenten (illustraties)....................................................................................60
1.3 Wat zijn de onderliggende oorzaken van cybersecurity-incidenten?.....................................64
2. Basisconcepten van computerbeveiliging.....................................................................................65
2.1 Wat is computerbeveiliging....................................................................................................65
2.2 Vereisten inzake computerbeveiliging....................................................................................66
2.3 Doelstellingen of eigenschappen van computerbeveiliging....................................................66
2.4 Beveiligingsinbreuken (en -dreigingen)..................................................................................68
Module 4A: basisconcepten van blockchaintechnologie......................................................................71
1. Blockchain: what’s in a name........................................................................................................71
1.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................71
1.2 Hoe kan ik een blockchain spotten in het wild?......................................................................71
1.3 Voordelen en eigenschappen van een blockchain..................................................................71
1.4 Uitdagingen voor blockchain..................................................................................................72
1.5 Types blockchain.....................................................................................................................72
1.6 Gecentraliseerde databank v. gedecentraliseerde blockchain?..............................................73
1.7 Conclusie.................................................................................................................................74
2. Bouwstenen van de blockchaintechnologie.................................................................................74
2.1 Concept van een blockchain...................................................................................................74
2.2 Hashfuncties...........................................................................................................................74
2.3 Merkle boom..........................................................................................................................75
2.4 Timestamping.........................................................................................................................76
2.5 Digitale handtekeningen.........................................................................................................76
2.6 Conclusie.................................................................................................................................77
3. Blockchain focus: Bitcoin (BTC) en Ethereum (ETH)......................................................................77
3.1 Digitaal geld en zijn uitdagingen.............................................................................................77
3.2 Intermezzo: Digitaal, virtueel en/of elektronisch geld............................................................77
3.3 Ontstaan en doel van Bitcoin (BTC)........................................................................................77
3.4 Werking van Bitcoin................................................................................................................77
3.5 Uitdagingen voor Bitcoin........................................................................................................78
3.6 In de schaduw van Bitcoin: Ethereum.....................................................................................79
Module 4B: juridische toepassingen van blockchaintechnologie en smart contracts..........................80
1. Blockchain en de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming................................................80
1.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................................80
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