Summary
Samenvatting geslaagd 1ste zit BIOCHEMIE 1
- Course
- Institution
Dit is mijn samenvatting (theorie) van Biochemie 1. Samen met aantekeningen van de verschillende cyclussen zou het zeker moeten lukken.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
jenniferameye
Reviews received
Content preview
BiochemieContents
1 coënzymen..........................................................................................................................................5
1.1 definitie en indeling cofactoren....................................................................................................5
1.2 essentiële kationen.......................................................................................................................5
1.3 indeling van de coënzymen..........................................................................................................5
1.4 metaboliet-afgeleide coënzymen.................................................................................................6
1) adenosine-trifosfaat ATP............................................................................................................6
2) S-adenosylmethionine................................................................................................................6
3) Ubiquinone = Coënzyme Q (herkennen)....................................................................................6
4) Lipoamide...................................................................................................................................6
5) Cytochroom a, b en c..................................................................................................................6
1.5 vitamine-afgeleide coënzymen.....................................................................................................6
1) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+..................................................................................6
2) Flavine adenine dinucleotide FAD..............................................................................................7
3) Coënzyme A = (HS)-CoA..............................................................................................................7
4) Thiamine pyrofosfaat TPP...........................................................................................................7
5) Pyridoxal fosfaat PLP..................................................................................................................7
6) Biotine (gebonden aan AZ).........................................................................................................7
7) Tetrahydrofolaat.........................................................................................................................7
8) Cobalamine (met cobalt kation).................................................................................................7
9) Vetoplosbare vitaminen A, D, E en K..........................................................................................7
2 metabolisme........................................................................................................................................8
2.1 wat is metabolisme.......................................................................................................................8
2.1.1 basiseigenschappen...............................................................................................................8
2.1.2 metabole wegen....................................................................................................................8
2.1.3 regeling van metabole wegen................................................................................................9
2.2 overzicht van het katabolisme......................................................................................................9
2.3 compartimentalisatie en specialisatie in het metabolisme.........................................................10
2.4 thermodynamica en metabolisme..............................................................................................10
2.4.1 verandering in vrije energie.................................................................................................10
1
, 2.4.2 standaard vrije energie van een reactie...............................................................................11
2.5 metabole rol van ATP.................................................................................................................11
2.6 de vrije energie van ATP.............................................................................................................12
2.7 metabole rol van acetyl-coënzyme A..........................................................................................13
2.8 gereduceerde coënzymen..........................................................................................................13
3 glycolyse............................................................................................................................................14
3.1 situering en principe van de glycolyse........................................................................................14
3.2 opbouw van de glycolyse............................................................................................................14
3.3 detailbespreking van de glycolyse..............................................................................................14
3.3.1 hexokinase...........................................................................................................................14
3.3.2 glucose-6-P isomerase.........................................................................................................15
3.3.3 fosfofructo-kinase-1.............................................................................................................15
3.3.4 aldolase................................................................................................................................15
3.3.5 triose-P-isomerase...............................................................................................................16
3.3.6 glyceraldehyde 3P dehydrogenase......................................................................................16
3.3.7 fosfoglyceraat kinase...........................................................................................................16
3.3.8 fosfoglyceraat mutase.........................................................................................................17
3.3.9 Enolase................................................................................................................................17
3.3.10 pyruvaat kinase..................................................................................................................17
3.4 principe van de regeling van de glycolyse...................................................................................17
3.4.1 verandering in vrije energie tijdens de glycolyse.................................................................17
3.4.2 regeling van de glycolyse.....................................................................................................18
3.5 aansluiting van andere monosacchariden op de glycolyse.........................................................18
3.5.1 fructose................................................................................................................................18
3.5.2 Galactose.............................................................................................................................18
4 krebscyclus = citroenzuurcyclus.........................................................................................................18
4.1 Doel van de krebscyclus..............................................................................................................18
4.2 transport van pyruvaat uit glycolyse naar de krebscyclus..........................................................19
4.3 principe van de krebscyclus........................................................................................................19
4.3.1 voorbereiding: omzetting pyruvaat naar acetyl-CoA...........................................................19
4.3.2 omzetting acetyl-CoA naar oxaalacetaat.............................................................................20
4.4 detailbespreking krebscyclus......................................................................................................21
4.5 controle en regeling van de krebscyclus.....................................................................................22
4.6 de krebscyclus als verzamelpunt van de metabolieten..............................................................22
5 oxidatieve fosforylatie.......................................................................................................................23
5.1 doel en principe vd oxidatieve fosforylatie.................................................................................23
2
, 5.2 de drijvende kracht van de protonengradiënt............................................................................24
5.3 de elektronen transportketen....................................................................................................25
5.4 detailbespreking van de oxidatieve fosforylatie.........................................................................26
5.4.1 complex I.............................................................................................................................26
5.4.2 complex II............................................................................................................................26
5.4.3 complex III...........................................................................................................................27
5.4.4 complex IV...........................................................................................................................27
5.4.4 complex V............................................................................................................................27
6 Het lipiden katabolisme.....................................................................................................................28
6.1 vergelijking van het lipiden en sacchariden metabolisme..........................................................28
6.2 katabolisme van lipiden..............................................................................................................29
6.2.1 de vetzuur oxidatie..............................................................................................................29
Extra: Beta-oxidatie van onverzadigde vetzuren..........................................................................30
Extra: Beta-oxidatie van oneven vetzuren....................................................................................30
6.3 lipiden anabolisme......................................................................................................................31
6.3.1 synthese van triacylglycerolen en glycerofosfolipiden........................................................31
6.3.2 synthese van cholesterol en afgeleide steroïden.................................................................31
7 proteïnen metabolisme.....................................................................................................................31
7.1 principe en vergelijking met het metabolisme van de sacchariden en lipiden...........................31
7.2 opname van anorganisch ammoniak..........................................................................................32
7.3 transaminatie reacties = interconversie.....................................................................................33
7.4 anabolisme van (niet-essentiële) aminozuren............................................................................33
7.4.1 Subklasse 1: alanine, aspartaat/asparagine, glutamaat/glutamine.....................................33
7.4.2 Subklasse 2: serine, cysteine, glycine...................................................................................33
7.4.3 Subklasse 3: tyrosine...........................................................................................................34
7.4.4 Subklasse 4: proline en arginine..........................................................................................34
7.5 metabolisme van proteïnen........................................................................................................34
7.6 katabolisme van aminozuren......................................................................................................34
8 nucleotiden metabolisme..................................................................................................................35
8.1 anabolisme van de nucleotiden..................................................................................................35
8.1.1 Synthese van de purine nucleotiden....................................................................................35
8.1.2 Synthese van de pyrimidine nucleotiden.............................................................................36
8.2 katabolisme van de nucleotiden.................................................................................................37
8.2.1 Katabolisme van de purinen................................................................................................38
8.2.2 Katabolisme van de pyrimidinen.........................................................................................38
9 overige metabole wegen van sacchariden.........................................................................................38
3
, 9.1 bronnen van glucose...................................................................................................................38
9.2 glycogeen metabolisme..............................................................................................................38
9.2.1 de glycogenolyse (katabolisme)...........................................................................................39
9.2.2 de glycogenese (anabolisme)...............................................................................................39
9.2.3 regeling glycogeen metabolisme.........................................................................................39
9.3 glucogeogenese (anabolisme)....................................................................................................40
9.3.1 principe van de gluconeogenese.........................................................................................40
9.3.2 mechanisme van de gluconeogenese..................................................................................41
9.3.3 precursoren voor de gluconeogenese.................................................................................41
9.4 de pentose-fosfaat weg..............................................................................................................42
9.4.1 principe van de pentose-fosfaat weg...................................................................................42
9.4.2 het oxidatieve deel van de shunt (zelf kunnen tekenen).....................................................43
9.4.3 het niet-oxidatieve deel van de shunt.................................................................................43
10 signaaltransductie en regeling van het metabolisme......................................................................44
10.1 signaaltransductie.....................................................................................................................44
10.1.1 principe van de signaaltransductie....................................................................................44
10.1.2 mechanisme van de signaaltransductie.............................................................................45
10.1.3 De adenylyl cyclase signaaltransductie..............................................................................46
10.1.4 De inositol fosfolipiden signaaltransductie........................................................................47
10.1.5 De receptor tyrosine kinase signaaltransductie.................................................................47
10.1.6 Modelvoorbeelden van de signaaltransductie...................................................................47
10.2 regeling van het metabolisme..................................................................................................48
10.2.1 Allosterie, covalente modificatie en dé novo enzymsynthese...........................................48
10.2.2 Regeling van de glycolyse..................................................................................................49
10.2.3 Regeling van de citroenzuurcyclus.....................................................................................51
10.2.4 Regeling van het glycogeen metabolisme..........................................................................52
10.2.5 Regeling van de gluconeogenese.......................................................................................54
10.2.6 Regeling van de pentose fosfaat weg of hexose monofosfaat shunt.................................54
10.2.7 Regeling van de oxidatieve fosforylatie.............................................................................55
10.2.8 Regeling van het vetzuurmetabolisme...............................................................................55
10.2.9 Regeling van het aminozuur katabolisme..........................................................................56
10.2.10 Regeling van het nucleotide anabolisme.........................................................................56
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jenniferameye. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.89. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now