Summary
Samenvatting Spraakstoornissen: Spraakklankstoornissen
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Samenvatting van de cursus en de lessen omtrent Spraakklankstoornissen ofwel articulatiestoornissen
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Hogeschool GentSpraakstoornissen
Spraakklankstoornissen
2021 - 2022
,Inhoud
Voorkennis: ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Indeling spraakklanken: vocalen ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Indeling spraakklanken: consonanten .............................................................................................................................. 4
1.1. Algemene begrippen en definities ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.1.1. communicatiestoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 5
1.1.2. spraakstoornissen ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2. Spraakstoornissen in cijfers ....................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1. ASHA (American Speech-language and Hearing Association) ................................................................................... 6
2.1.2. functionele stoornissen ...................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2. Speech Disorder Classification System (SDCS) .......................................................................................................... 7
2.3. psycholinguïstisch denkkader van Stackhouse en Wells ........................................................................................... 7
2.4. Differential diagnosis system van Dodd..................................................................................................................... 7
3.1. kadering binnen DDS van Dodd ................................................................................................................................. 8
3.1.1. Algemene begrippen ..................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.2. Fonetische foutenclassificatie ....................................................................................................................... 9
3.2. Sigmatismen ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
3.2.1. Normale productie ...................................................................................................................................... 10
3.2.2. Mogelijk fouten ........................................................................................................................................... 10
3.3. Rhotacismen ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.3.1. Normale productie ...................................................................................................................................... 11
3.3.2. Mogelijke fouten ......................................................................................................................................... 11
3.4. Bilabiale dyslalieën .............................................................................................................................................. 12
3.4.1. Normale productie ...................................................................................................................................... 12
3.4.2. Mogelijke fouten ......................................................................................................................................... 12
3.5. Labiodentale dyslalieën ...................................................................................................................................... 12
3.5.1. Normale productie ...................................................................................................................................... 12
3.5.2. Mogelijke fouten ......................................................................................................................................... 12
3.6. Taucismen ........................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.6.1. Normale productie ...................................................................................................................................... 12
3.6.2. Mogelijke fouten ......................................................................................................................................... 12
3.7. Fouten tegen de /n/ ............................................................................................................................................ 13
3.7.1. Normale productie ...................................................................................................................................... 13
3.7.1. Mogelijke fouten ............................................................................................................................................... 13
3.8. Lambdacismen .................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.8.1. Normale productie ...................................................................................................................................... 13
3.8.2. Mogelijke fouten ......................................................................................................................................... 13
3.9. Kappacismen ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
1
, 3.9.1. Normale productie ...................................................................................................................................... 13
3.9.2. Mogelijke fouten ......................................................................................................................................... 13
3.10. Gammacismen ................................................................................................................................................ 14
3.10.1. Normale productie ...................................................................................................................................... 14
3.10.2. Mogelijke fouten ......................................................................................................................................... 14
3.11. Klinkerspraak................................................................................................................................................... 14
4.1. Soorten processen .............................................................................................................................................. 15
4.2. Substitutieprocessen........................................................................................................................................... 15
4.3. Syllabestructuurprocessen.................................................................................................................................. 16
4.4. Harmonieprocessen ............................................................................................................................................ 16
4.5. Overige processen............................................................................................................................................... 17
5.1. Algemene inleiding .................................................................................................................................................. 17
5.4. Spraak onderzoeken ................................................................................................................................................ 17
5.4.1. Onderzoeken op functieniveau (functies en anatomische eigenschappen)..................................................... 17
5.4.1.1. Fonologische onderzoeken ........................................................................................................................ 17
5.4.1.2. Fonologische onderzoeken: Metaphon ..................................................................................................... 17
5.4.1.3. Fonologische onderzoeken: Antwerps Fonologische Processen Onderzoek............................................. 20
5.4.1.4. Fonologische onderzoeken: Proef fonologisch bewustzijn........................................................................ 22
5.4.2.Onderzoeken op activiteiten en/of participatieniveau ..................................................................................... 24
5.4.2.2. Driepositietest ............................................................................................................................................ 24
5.4.2.3. Driepositietest: Logo-art ............................................................................................................................ 25
5.4.2.4. Driepositietest: Nederlands Articulatie Onderzoek ................................................................................... 25
5.4.2.6. Onderzoeken op functie en activiteitenniveau: SKO ................................................................................. 29
6.1. Welke behandelmethode kiezen? ........................................................................................................................... 29
6.1.1. Articulatietraining ............................................................................................................................................. 29
6.2. Motorische benadering voor articulatorische problemen: therapie volgens Charles Van Riper ............................ 30
Doelen: ........................................................................................................................................................................ 30
Normaal verloop articulatieproces: ............................................................................................................................ 30
4 Fasen bij remediëring van foutieve articulatie: ....................................................................................................... 30
Geïsoleerd? Syllabe-, woord- of zinsniveau? .......................................................................................................... 30
Sensorisch/ perceptuele training ................................................................................................................................ 31
Geïsoleerd klankniveau ........................................................................................................................................... 31
Correctie...................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Stabiliseren.................................................................................................................................................................. 34
Transfer ....................................................................................................................................................................... 35
6.3. Behandeling van fonologische stoornissen volgens metaphon............................................................................... 36
6.3.1. Inleiding............................................................................................................................................................. 36
6.3.2. Opbouw............................................................................................................................................................. 37
2
, 6.3.3. Therapie voor sunbstitutieprocessen ............................................................................................................... 37
6.3.3.1. Fase 1 – begripsniveau ............................................................................................................................... 37
6.3.3.2. Fase 1 – klankniveau .................................................................................................................................. 38
6.3.3.3. Fase 1 – foneemniveau .............................................................................................................................. 38
6.3.3.4. Fase 1 – woordniveau ................................................................................................................................ 38
6.3.3.5. Fase 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 38
6.3.3.6. Fase 2 – woordniveau ................................................................................................................................ 38
6.3.3.7. Fase 2 – zinsniveau..................................................................................................................................... 39
6.3.4. Therapie voor syllabestructuurprocessen ........................................................................................................ 39
6.3.4.1. Fase 1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 39
6.3.4.2. Fase 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 39
6.3.5. Therapie voor vocalen....................................................................................................................................... 39
6.3.6. Therapie voor meersyllabige woorden ............................................................................................................. 39
6.3.7. Voorbeeldoefeningen ....................................................................................................................................... 39
6.3.7.1.Fase 1 – fronting / backing .......................................................................................................................... 39
6.3.7.2. Fase 1 – stopping ....................................................................................................................................... 40
6.3.7.3. Fase 1 – gliding / lateralisatie..................................................................................................................... 40
6.3.7.4. Fase 1 – devoicing ...................................................................................................................................... 40
6.3.7.5. Fase 1 – finale consonantdeletie ............................................................................................................... 40
6.3.7.6. Fase 1 – initiale consonantdeletie ............................................................................................................. 40
6.3.7.7. Fase 1 – clusterreductie ............................................................................................................................. 40
6.3.7.8. Fase 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 40
Wat? ................................................................................................................................................................................ 41
Spraakkenmerken ........................................................................................................................................................... 42
Inconsistente fouten bij klinkers en medeklinkers bij herhaalde productie van syllaben en worden ....................... 42
Gestoorde coarticulatie .............................................................................................................................................. 42
Afwijkende prosodie ................................................................................................................................................... 42
3
, Spraakstoornissen: articulatiestoornissen
− Hele cursus gaat rond kinderen met spraakstoornissen, NIET over mensen die bv een spraakstoornis hebben
door een CVA
Hoofdstuk 1: inleiding
Voorkennis:
− Anatomie van larynx, farynx, mond- en neusholte
− Fysiologie van larynx, farynx, mond- en neusholte
− Indeling van de klanken
− Normale (spraak-) en taalontwikkeling
Indeling spraakklanken: vocalen
Klinkerdriehoek blijven kennen!!!
Klinkers zijn bijna nooit een spraakstoornis, meestal is dit
een regionale invloed (bv /a/ → antwerpen /aa/)
− Afwijkingen in vocalen vaak te wijten aan regionale
invloeden
− Binnen diagnostiek grotere impact van consonanten
dan van vocalen
Indeling spraakklanken:
consonanten
Dit ook kennen!
EXAMEN: wat is het verschil tussen … (2
pathologiën of pathologie en normaal) → fout
op vlak van stemgeving, articulatieplaats,…
1.1. Algemene begrippen en definities
− Spraakstoornissen hebben altijd bestaan! → inzichten evolueren dus definities moeten ook evolueren
− ASHA = american speech-language and hearing association
Definities niet uit hoofd kennen, kunnen koppelen aan diagnose, vergelijken, bepaalde termen gebruiken om in
eigen woorden uit te leggen…
Termen uit het hoofd leren
4
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