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Summary Stalin's Second Five Year Plan
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Aims, successes and failures of the second five year plan
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The Second Five Year PlanPosition in Detail and Comment
1933
Attitude of - Party leaders were prepared to admit the problems resulted from the first plan
different - The great leap forwards was on the verge of collapse
groups and - Severe shortages, disruptions in transport, lack of skilled workers and slower growth rates
individuals - Less than 17% recruited into industry had any skills
Vision and - Targets were scaled back
scale of the - Plan was worked out in greater detail
plan - The People’s Commissariats (which were more organised and defined) gave specific targets as well as estimates of costs, labour and prices
- New training schemes for workers introduced
- Gave more attention to consumer goods, however heavy industry was still the priority
- In 1936, the focus of the plan shifted as greater emphasis was placed on rearmament due to a threat of a second world war
Aims:
- Continue the development of heavy industry
- Promote the growth of light industries, such as chemicals, electricals and consumer goods
- Develop communications to provide links between cities and other industrial areas
- Foster engineering and tool making
Evidence of - The ‘three good years’ (1934-37)- pressure was not so intense, food rationing was ended and families had more disposable income
success and - Moscow Metro opened in 1935- USSR’s first underground railway system. A massive recruitment campaign was launched
achievements - Volga canal opened in 1937- built by 200,000 prisoners, 22,000 of whom died
- Dnieprostroi Dam (which produced hydro-electric power)- completed in 1932, and then extended with 4 more generators, making it the largest dam in Europe. It increased Soviet
electrical power by five times in 1932
- Komsomolsk- contained several shipyards and heavy plants built during the First and Second Five Year Plans- became a regional centre for industries such as metallurgy,
machinery, oil refining and shipbuilding
- Electricity production grew rapidly
- Chemical industries saw large growth
- New metals such as copper, zinc and tin were mined for the first time
- Steel output tripled
- Coal production doubled
- By 1937, the Soviet Union was virtually self-sufficient in metal goods and machine tools
- Rearmament rose from 4% of the GDP in 1933 to 17% by 1937
- Growth in some areas of consumer goods, such as footwear production and food processing
- Transport and communications grew rapidly
- Stakhanovite movement- encouraged workers to create more output and compelled managers to adopt new production methods. Those reluctant to follow the movement were
branded as saboteurs
- Women now made up 42% of the industrial workforce
Evidence of - Consumer industries were still lagging
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