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Summary Stalin's first five year plan
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AIms successes and failures of the first five year plan
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The First Five Year PlanPosition in Detail and Comment
1928-29
Attitude of - Gosplan (the State Planning Commission) and Vesenkha (the Supreme Economic Council) were very optimistic- very high targets were put into place. In April 1929, two versions of
different the plan were made- a ‘basic’ and ‘optimum’ plan, and the optimum plan was used
groups and - The workers were optimistic as the NEP had caused unemployment and driven down their wages and they thought the plan would improve their living conditions- thousands of
individuals young people volunteered to work
- The peasants were optimistic as the plan meant more land reform, however many were resentful about being forced into industrial work
- Party leaders and members had a millennial vision and believed that in 2-3 years, the country would turn socialist and money would be abandoned
- There was a feeling amongst the whole population that they were creating a new society which would be far superior to their capitalist neighbours
Vision and Aims:
scale of the - To develop heavy industry
plan - Boost overall production by 300%
- Improve transport systems
- Increase agricultural production
- Transform society by electrification (6 times more electrical power)
Problems - Great depression drove down prices of grain and raw materials
which held - Competition between Gosplan and Vesenkha meant targets were massively driven up- aims were unrealistic
back the - No detailed planning
plan’s success - Lack of skilled workers- in 1931, less than 7% of the workforce were skilled
- Managers were not prepared to admit faults in the system
- Gosplan had a lack of reliable information on the cost of imports and exports
- The labour force required an enormous expansion- the majority of new workers were peasants forced off their land by collectivisation. They moved jobs constantly and lacked
punctuality- they found it difficult to adapt to the hours. This, combined with their resentment, led to high rates of absenteeism
Evidence of - Electricity production tripled
success and - Coal and iron output doubled
achievements - Steel production increased by a third
- Engineering industry developed, which increased output
- New industrial complexes built
- New tractor works built
- New railways built- including the Turksib (Turkestan to Siberia) railway which transported cotton and cheap Siberian grain
- More jobs for women- 10 million women entered the workforce
- Kick-started the economy
- Many foreign companies and individuals became involved. Many skilled workers came to Russia from the West due to ideologies, but also better employment prospects. For
example, Henry Ford helped the Russians develop a car industry and trained engineers. Furthermore, the engineer in charge of the Dnieprostroi Dam project was American
- There were great strides in higher technical education
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