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Abitur Zusammenfassung Genetik $6.44
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Abitur Zusammenfassung Genetik

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Zusammenfassung aller abiturrelevanten Themen im Bereich Genetik

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  • June 4, 2022
  • 16
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
  • Gymnasium
  • 4
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Genetik

Struktur der DNA

DNA -
Desoxyribonukleinsäure
besteht aus Nukleotiden : -


ein Zucker Desoxyribose
>

ein Phosphat Nudeotid

eine Base P Z B B Z P

P Z B B Z P
4 Basen 22 Basenpaare
"

Adenin Thymin 2H Brücken
-




bindungen


Guanin Cytosin 3A Brücken
-




bindungen




antiparallel
3’ Ende 5’ Ende




5’ Ende 3’ Ende

,Vergleich von DNA & RNA :




DNA ist eine Doppelhelix
RNA ist eine einsträngige Helix

statt Thymin hat RNA die Base Uracil

Aufgabe der RNA :
Codieren von Proteinen



Verpackung der DNA
:
Schutz vor z.B .

Denaturierung
Steuerung der Genregulation
Kernteilung
schnelles Q einfaches Ablesen

platzsparend & geordnet

Chromosome : bestehen aus DNA & Protein

im Zellkern bei Eukaryoten

, DNA-Hybridisierung


bei Erhitzen von DNA brechen die Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen auf
& die Doppelhelix entwindet sich
Denaturieren der DNA


Versuche :

geschmolzene DNA aus 2
Organismen werden gemischt
je mehr gemeinsam ausgebildete H Brücken
-




,




desto höher die Verwandtschaft



DNA-Replikation (S-Phase)

Verdopplung der DNA

Ablauf :
1 Enzym Hdicase trennt Basenpaare an den Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen
2 RNA Primer
-




gibt Polymerase den Anfang vor
5- Ende
Folgestrang
'



vom 3 zu


3 Polymerase fügt neue Nudeotide hinzu

4
Ligase verknüpft Okazaki Fragmente-

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