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Samenvatting Ontwikkelingsstoornissen 1: Specifieke ontwikkelingsstoornissen
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Samenvatting van de lessen Specifieke ontwikkelingsstoornissen binnen Ontwikkelingsstoornissen 1.
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Hogeschool GentOntwikkelingsstoornissen
1
Specifieke ontwikkelingsstoornissen
2021 - 2022
,Inhoud
Wat zijn ontwikkelingsstoornissen?.................................................................................................................................. 2
Verklaringsmodellen ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
BEM-model................................................................................................................................................................ 2
ICF-model .................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Risico- en protectieve factoren ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Verstandelijke ontwikkelingsstoornis (p66).................................................................................................................. 3
Definitie en kenmerken (DSM-5) .............................................................................................................................. 3
Fenotypes (p66-69) ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Comorbiditeit ................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Etiologie ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Begeleiding .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Autismespectrumstoornissen ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Definitie en kenmerken → DSM-5 ................................................................................................................................ 7
Neuropsychologische stoornissen (meeste evidentie) ................................................................................................ 8
Prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Comorbiditeit ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Etiologie: multifactorieel............................................................................................................................................... 9
Diagnostiek.................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Begeleiding .................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ........................................................................................................................ 10
Definitie en kenmerken .............................................................................................................................................. 10
Fenotypes ................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Etiologie: multifactorieel............................................................................................................................................. 12
Begeleiding .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Developmental Coördination Disorder ........................................................................................................................... 13
Definitie en kenmerken .............................................................................................................................................. 13
Prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Comorbiditeit .............................................................................................................................................................. 14
Etiologie: multifactorieel............................................................................................................................................. 14
Begeleiding .................................................................................................................................................................. 14
1
, Specifieke ontwikkelingsstoornissen
Wat zijn ontwikkelingsstoornissen?
Ontwikkelingsstoornissen Definitie DSM-5
Een neurobiologische stoornis die in de (vroege) ontwikkeling tot uiting komt, die gekenmerkt wordt door
ontwikkelingsachterstanden op een of meerdere functiedomeinen en die levenslang beperkingen veroorzaakt in
het persoonlijke, sociale, schoolse of beroepsæmatig functioneren.
Verschil ontwikkelingsstoornissen (mee geboren bv dysfasie) en verworven stoornissen (heb je verworven in je leven
bv afasie).
Definitie DSM-5
• Neurobiologisch: stoornis met oorsprong in de hersenontwikkeling: genetische aanleg, prenatale
omgevingsfactoren en/of perinatale factoren
Symptomen zijn meestal al zichtbaar op kinderleeftijd
• Ontwikkelingsachterstanden op een of meerdere ontwikkelingsdomeinen: cognitie, sensomotoriek, taal
en communicatie en/of sociaal-emotioneel functioneren
Soorten ontwikkelingsstoornissen
• Verstandelijke beperkingen
• Communicatiestoornissen
• Autismespectrumstoornissen
• Aandachtsdeficiëntie-/hyperactiviteitsstoornis
• Specifieke leerstoornissen
• Motorische ontwikkelingsstoornissen
Bv dyslexie, dysorthografie, dyscalculie, TOS…
Verklaringsmodellen
Bio-Ecologisch Multifactorieel Biopsychosociaal model
-model • Visie op het functioneren met een
• Gericht op de verklaring van het ontstaan van ontwikkelingsstoornis
een ontwikkelingsstoornis • ICF
• Risico- en beschermende factoren • Risico- en beschermende factoren
BEM-model
Visie op het ontstaan van ontwikkelingsstoornissen door
• Multifactorieel: Een complex samenspel van verschillende risico- en protectieve factoren
• Bio: in het kind zelf
• Ecologisch: in de omgeving
ICF-model: visie op het functioneren met een
ontwikkelingsstoornis
→ holistische kijk (zowel positief als negatief)
2
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