Emergency Department RN A prophecy Exam / PROPHECY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT RN A (Prophecy RN Pharmacology A)Test (answered Summer 2022)

PROPHECY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT RN A What is the proper procedure for testing visual acuity? ANS: *BOTH WRONG* 1) Test the affected eye first, then the unaffected eye without corrective lenses 2) Test the unaffected eye first, then the affected eye with corrective lenses when available A 22-year-old man with sickle cell disease is brought into the ED by Campus Police from his local university. He is complaining of increasing pain to his bilateral lower extremities, consistent with his past sickle cell pain crisis. Which intervention would you expect the provider to order? ANS: *BOTH WRONG* 1) Oral hydrocodone 2) Intravenous acetaminophen TPA would be contraindicated for which of the following patients? ANS: WRONG 1) 67 year old with symptom onset 3 hours ago A 24 year old female, who has recently received methotrexate for a tubal pregnancy, presents to the ED with severe abdominal pain. What would be the PRIORITY nursing intervention? ANS: *BOTH WRONG* 1) Administer pain medication and fluids as ordered 2) Prepare for a pelvic exam and assess for vaginal bleeding A 3 year old boy with a history of hydrocephalus with a cerebral shunt arrives to the ED with a fever of 102.0°F, an enlarged abdomen, tachycardia and hypotension. The patient is mildly lethargic, however is cooperative with the ED staff. Immediate treatment for this child should include: ANS: *BOTH WRONG* 1) Removal of the shunt 2) Draining the shunt When caring for a patient who has received a massive blood transfusion, monitoring which of the following lab results is a top priority? ANS: *BOTH WRONG* 1) B-type natriuretic peptide 2) Hematocrit count What medication would you anticipate administering to a six month old having an active tonic-clonic seizure? ANS: *BOTH WRONG* 1) Phenobarbital 2)Phenytoin Patient presents to the ED with a snake bite that occurred 30 minutes ago. The snake was identified as a poisonous rattlesnake. What medication would you expect the physician to order for this patient? ANS: CroFab Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) A 26 year old male with a history of asthma presents to the ED with dyspnea, audible expiratory wheezes, substernal retractions, accessory muscle use, with BP-145/72, HR -26, RR-32, O2 Sat 88% on room air. What is the FIRST treatment of choice for this patient? ANS: Give albuterol and atrovent nebulizer with oxygen A 40-year-old man presents to the ED with shortness of breath and a headache, after being sprayed by pesticides while working on a farm. What is the FIRST nursing intervention? ANS: Decontaminate the patient according to hospital procedure Four patients are being transported to the ED after a severe collision between a train and two motor vehicles. Which of the following patients should be triaged for FIRST treatment? ANS: 26-year-old with respiratory distress and open chest wound A 53 year old female with a history of sarcoidosis presents to the ED after being rescued by firefighters from her burning apartment. She is currently alert and oriented, BP-115/78, HR-110, RR- 24, T-100.4 F, oxygen saturation 97% on room air. She is currently only complaining of a headache and her carboxyhemoglobin is 13%. What is the MOST appropriate nursing intervention? ANS: Place on high-flow non-rebreather A 28 year old, obsterical patient presents at 38 weeks gestation status post motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival via EMS, you note she is on a backboard and c-collar is in place. What is the immediate nursing intervention for this patient? ANS: Place patient in left tilt position A 36 year old male presents to the ED with an amputated hand. What should you do FIRST? ANS: Apply direct pressure to extremity Of the following patients, which one needs referral to the closest burn center? ANS: Partial-thickness and full-thickness burns involving the genitalia or perineum What are three signs of cardiac tamponade? ANS: Hypertension, bradycardia, muffled heart sounds An 11-year-old female is brought to the emergency department with complaints of excessive sleeping, headache, sore throat and swollen neck glands. The patient has no complaints of pain. On exam, you note a pink rash on her torso. Her mother states that her appetite has decreased over the last week. What is the most likely diagnosis ANS: Mononucleosis An 88 year old male transferred to the ED from a nursing home with a chief complaint of being unable to void for the past 12 hours. He has a history of prostate cancer. Which of the following nursing interventions should be performed FIRST? ANS: Insert urinary catheter Which of the following would be a primary complication of a bowel obstruction? ANS: Dehydration A 32-year-old woman recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis presents to the ED with several days of upper respiratory infection and now progressively weakened lower extremities, and vertigo. What is the FIRST line of treatment for this patient? ANS: Methylprednisolone 1 g IV daily Which of the following elevated lab values supports the diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF)? ANS: BNP A patient presents with blurry vision, seeing floaters and flashes of light. These are symptoms of ANS: Retinal Detachement A 53-year-old female with a history of Addison's disease due to an autoimmune disorder presents with fatigue, generalized weakness, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Which of the following is consistent with an adrenal crisis? ANS: Hypotension Your patient has presented to the emergency department with pneumonia. You also note an allergy to penicillin. Which of the following medications would you question if ordered by the physician? ANS: Ceftriaxone A 55-year-old man presents with left-sided chest pain that began 30 minutes ago during sexual intercourse. The pain radiates to his left shoulder. Upon initial history intake you learn that he has taken a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (Viagra) for erectile dysfunction. His ECG is concerning for STEMI. Which of the following medication orders should you question if ordered by the provider? ANS: Nitroglycerin A 26-year-old woman presents with severe eye pain, photophobia, and the sensation of sand in her right eye. She is a contact lens wearer and states that she frequently leaves them in overnight. Which of the following is indicated for this patient? ANS: Slit lamp exam using fluorescein staining A 28-year old male patient presents with severe dysuria and white, foul smelling drainage from his penis. The symptoms have lasted about one month and have become progressively worse over the last few days. On exam, the patient is noted to have a petechial rash to his bilateral upper extremities. The patient's signs and symptoms are consistent with which of the following? ANS: Disseminated gonorrhea Which of the following would be the FIRST fluid of choice for a patient in hypovolemic shock secondary to hemorrhaging? ANS: PRBCs RhoGAM would be administered to a pregnant patient for which of the following reasons ANS: To prevent an RH- negative mother from forming antibodies to RH- positive fetal blood A pediatric patient was brought in by EMS for seizure activity. The patient is post ictal on arrival. During assessment, the patient begins to have convulsions with body stiffening, jerking motions of legs and arms, loss of consciousness and loss of bladder control. What is your PRIORITY nursing intervention? ANS: Lay patient on side to avoid injury and protect airway A 54 yr old male with a history of non-insulin dependent diabetes, presents to the ED with new onset of confusion, weakness, lethargy and nausea with frequent large volume urine output. Vital signs are BP-102/54, HR-115, RR-12, T- 97.4 and oxygen saturation is 97% on room air. Blood glucose is 725 mg/dl. pH is 7.40. What diagnosis would you expect to see for this patient? ANS: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state Your patient arrives hypotensive and tachycardic after a motorcycle collision. His pelvis is unstable upon palpation and a portable pelvic film reveals an open book pelvic fracture. What immediate intervention should you expect? ANS: Pelvic sheeting or placement of a commercial pelvic binder A nurse is at end of their shift and has been dealing with a difficult and unruly patient. The nurse threatens to place the patient in restraints without justification. This is an example of: ANS: Assault Your patient is an 84-year-old man who presents to the ED with increasing forgetfulness, restlessness, and anxiety, which has become progressively worse over the past 2 months. The patient feels well and is independent with his ADLs but will forget where he placed things. The head CT, labs and ECG are all normal. The diagnosis is likely dementia. Which of the following is correct about dementia? ANS: There is progressive deterioration in cognition and/or behavior without altered consciousness Which of the following fractures is highly associated with child abuse? ANS: Spiral leg fracture of the tibia in an 8 month old You enter a patient's room and notice the chest tube has become dislodged from the patient's chest and is hanging off the bed. The primary intervention is to: ANS: Cover the chest tube site with 4x4 dressing and taping only 3 sides of the dressing An 18 year old female presents to ED unresponsive via private car. Her friends state that she has overdosed on hydrocodone. BP- 80/40, HR- 58, RR- 8, O2 sat 86% on room air. You expect an order for which of the following medications? ANS: Naltrexone (Narcan) A patient with a tension pnuemothorax should have a needle decompression catheter placed ANS: IN the 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line An intubated patient becomes extremely agitated and the ventilator begins to alarm. What should you do FIRST? ANS: Check the ventilator tubing for disconnection Which of the following is a responsibility of the nurse collecting forensic evidence during the care of a sexual assault patient? ANS: Maintaining the evidence chain of custody A 26 year old male presents to the ED with an alcohol level of 225 mg/dl. The patient also consumed an unmeasured amount of benzodiazepines, is positive for THC and opiates. An eye witness states that the patient also consumed bleach while intoxicated. What is the next most important step to take in order to ensure proper treatment for this patient? ANS: Call the Poison Control Center for toxic ingestion recommendations A 38 week pregnant patient presents to the ED in active labor. The patient states she has not had any prenatal care. The fetal heart rate is assessed to be 85 beats per minute. What is the PRIORITY nursing intervention? ANS: Have the patient lay on her left side and place patient on high flow oxygen A patient arrives to the ED intubated and decompressed on the left side status post gunshot wound to the chest. During the primary survey, the endotracheal tube placement is confirmed but breath sounds ae noted to be absent on the right. A right-sided chest tube is place with immediate return of 500 ml or blood. Which of the following would you perform FIRST? ANS: Transfuse 2 unite of uncrossmatched red blood cells A 22-year old woman pre3sent to the ED appearing disheveled and tearful with obvious bruising to her face and neck. The patient reports that she was assaulted and raped by an acquaintance several hours ago. What is the PRIORITY nursing intervention? ANS: Evaluate the patient's physical injuries A 35 year old construction worker arrived in the ED after falling from a ladder while working on a house. He is lying on his back in a co-worker's truck with blood pooling around his head. He has snoring respiration and a GCS of 7. What initial interventions would you perform? ANS: C-spine stabilization, assistive ventilations and preparation for intubation An elderly couple present to the ED via EMS. The husband sustained a broken hip after a fall at home. The wife states to the nurse :I don't think I can take care of him anymore." What is the most appropriate nurse intervention? ANS: Arrange a social services consult Your patient is intubated and sedated with extensive second and third degree burns after being pulled from a house fire. You note the patient's core temp to be 94 F. Which of the following interventions should you implement immediately? ANS: Application for forced-air warming system and warmed fluids An 8 year old boy presents to the ED with fever for the last 6 hours. Which of the following assessment findings would cause the MOST concerns? ANS: Petechial rash on the trunk An 83-year old woman presents to the ED triage with shortness of breath, generalized fatigue and weakness. Her daughter says her symptoms are similar to what she experienced several months ago from a urinary tract infections. There are no beds immediately available in the ED. Her vital signs BP- 127/70, HR-65, RR-16, T-99 F, O2 sat 100% RA. Which of the following diagnostic tests is MOST important to obtain during triage? ANS: ECG A 25-year old female presents to the ED via ambulance for evaluation of erratic behavior. She was found acting bizarrely and speaking loudly in a public park. The patient is irritable, displays pressured speech, and flight of ideas. She is hyperactive and pacing around the room. The patient's presentation is most consistent with: ANS: Mania Your patient fell 15 feet of a roof landing chest first onto a barrel. He is complaining of shortness of breath and shoulder pain. When assessing his lung sounds anteriorly, you auscultate bowel wounds in the chest. Based on this assessment, which of the following injuries would you suspect? ANS: Ruptured diaphragm You have a bariatric patient that was involved in an MVC. The patient was in the driver's side, restrained by seatbelt, and airbag deployed. The patient is responsive upon arrival and complains of pain to the left arm. The patient has seatbelt marks across the chest. What is your priority assessment for this patient? ANS: Assess the patient for signs of possible airway and respiratory compromise A 38-year old man with a history of schizophrenia arrives at this emergency department reporting that he is being monitored and plotted against by his neighbors through his television. He appears mildly agitated and suspicious. He reports he has blocked the people working against him by putting aluminum foil over TV and over the doors and windows. He left his apartment because he suddenly feared they would retaliate. This patient is demonstrating which of the following psychotic symptom? ANS: Persecutory delusions You are caring for a patient who has decided to discontinue treatment. You recognize that the patient is competent to make this decision. What action should you take NEXT? ANS: Comply with the patient wishes and ensure proper documentation of refusal The physician orders a heparin infusion of 900 units/hr. Heparin is prepared 25,000 units in 500 ml of D5W. The pump should be set to deliver ___ mL/hr. ANS: 18 You are caring for a patient in second-degree AV block type 2 with a heart rate of 30, BP - 86/62 and with an altered mental status. IV access attempts have been unsuccessful, and the patient becomes unresponsive. What is the PRIORITY nursing intervention? ANS: Begin transcutaneous pacemaker During CPR in progress, the physician calls for a pulse check. The monitor shows a change from the previously recorded rhythm. Which of the following would indicate the need for a shock? ANS: V-fib A patient with severe pre-eclampsia is sent to the ED by her OB/GYN. The OB/GYN called ahead and instructs the charge nurse to start the patient on a magnesium drip. You notice signs of magnesium toxicity including hypotension, bradypnea, loss of reflexes and decreased urinary output. Which of the following is the antidote used to treat magnesium toxicity? ANS: Calcium gluconate IV Which of the following statements from a patient exhibits a good understanding of discharge instructions after being diagnosed with trichomoniasis and given a prescription for metronidazole? ANS: I will avoid alcohol consumption while taking my medication Hypoparathyroidism tends to cause which of the following electrolyte imbalance? ANS: Hypocalcemia A 48-year old woman presents to the ED with nausea, vomiting, RUQ, and a fever (T-101 F). The physician states that she has a positive Murphy's sign. Considering these symptoms and assessment findings, the patient is MOST likely experiencing: ANS: Cholecystitis What would you anticipate as part of the plan of care for a patient diagnosed with pancreatitis? ANS: Maintain NPO status Interpret the acid-base abnormality: ph 7.56, PaCO2- 24 mm Hg, HCO3 - 23 mEq/L,PO2 93 ANS: Respiratory alkalosis A 79 year old male from a nursing home presents to the ED with complaints of severe diarrhea ongoing for more than 3 days. C-difficile is suspected. Education for visitors should include: ANS: Wash hands with soap and water You are delegating wound care to a licensed practical nurse. The LPN states she has never performed this type of wound care before. What component of delegation have you neglected? ANS: Competency A 46-year old patient presents with complaint of palpitations beginning 1 hour prior to presentation. He reports excessive caffeine intake over the past 24 hours. A 12-lead EKG has been contained and shows a narrow complex tachycardia at a rate of 200 BPM. His skin is cool and clammy. The patient's blood pressure is 110/50. The physician has attempted vagal maneuvers with the patient by asking him to bear down without effect. An intravenous line has been established. What is the NEXT priority intervention? ANS: Place defibrillator/pacing electrode pads on his chest and prepare to administer adenosine Prophecy RN Pharmacology A Which of the following medications is known to cause orange-colored urine? ANS: phenazopyridine (Pyridium) You are ordered to give digoxin. Your patient's vital signs are as follows: Blood Pressure 130/75, Temp 97.9 oral, HR 52, O2 Sat 100% room air. What should you do next? ANS: Hold digoxin and call the provider Normal Saline (NS) is the solution of choice over D5W when preparing to administer a blood transfusion because: ANS: Normal Saline is an isotonic solution and prevents cell hemolysis Patient is to receive 5mg/kg of medication. Patient weighs 80kg. How much would you administer? ANS: 400mg Your patient taking digoxin (Lanoxin) has an AM Potassium level of 3.0. This level may: ANS: Increase risk of digoxin toxicity The patient is diagnosed with multiple myeloma. The physician has ordered cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). Which instruction should be given to the patient? ANS: Increase daily water intake Which of the following medications will crystalize when mixed with D5NS? ANS: phenytoin (Dilantin) Which of the following medications should be questioned by the nurse, if ordered by the provider to treat a patient's complaint of nausea and vomiting? ANS: famotidine (Pepcid) Your patient has an epidural infusing hydromorphone with bupivacaine at 6ml/hr continuously. The patient's blood pressure at the beginning of your shift was 92/58 with a heart rate of 68. You noticed the patient's blood pressures have been around 130/70. What should you do FIRST? ANS: Check infusion rate to confirm 6ml/hr, then notify anesthesia provider The dosage of which drug must be tapered off slowly to prevent acute adrenal insufficiency? ANS: prednisone (Deltasone) When teaching a new nurse on how to administer IV push furosemide (Lasix), you emphasize that it should be given over two minutes to avoid: ANS: tinnitus A nurse is caring for a patient with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the patient's serum calcium level is 13mg/dl. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer as prescribed to the patient? ANS: calcintonin (Miacalcin) A patient has a prescription to take Guaifenesin (Mucinex) every 4 hours, as needed. The nurse determines that the patient understands the MOST effective use of the medication if the patient states that he or she will: ANS: take the medication with a full glass of water Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) has which of the following pharmacological effects? ANS: Anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, decrease platelet aggregation Your patient is to receive 2 G vancomycin over 2 hours. The medication comes in from the pharmacy as 2 G Vancomycin in 250ml normal saline. At what rate will the IV medication run? ANS: 125ml/hr Sildenafil (Viagra) is prescribed to treat a patient with erectile dysfunction. A nurse reviews the patient's medical record and would question the prescription if which of the following is noted in the history? ANS: Use of nitroglycerin While delivering the lunch tray of a patient who is taking warfarin (Coumadin), the nurse notices diversity of food items. Which of the following foods would be a concern? ANS: Spinach Your patient is receiving vancomycin (Vancocin) 500mg IV every 12 hours. As a nurse, you understand that the PRIMARY rationale for monitoring serum levels of vancomycin is that: ANS: It can cause nephrotoxicity Convert 1.2 milligrams to micrograms ANS: 1200 mcg You are caring for a patient with diabetes. Humalog insulin is ordered via sliding scale AC and HS. When is the best time to administer Humalog insulin? ANS: 15 minutes before meal arrives A provider orders one liter of NS to be infused over four hours. At what rate would you set the IV pump? ANS: 250ml/hr *WRONG* Which medication is used to treat iron toxicity? ANS: A) digoxin immune fab (Digibind) B) Naloxone (Narcan) C) Mephyton (Vitamin K) D) *WRONG* deferoxamine (Digibind) Your patient presents with CHF and has a Potassium level of 5.8. Which diuretic do you anticipate being ordered by the provider? ANS: bumetanide (Bumex) Your patient is on a Morphine PCA after a recent exploratory surgery. While doing your rounds, you notice that your patient is slumped over, unresponsive, with delayed and slow respirations. You suspect narcotic overdose. Which reversal medication would you administer? ANS: naloxone (Narcan) A patient's capillary blood glucose reading is 33mg/dl. Which of the following medications will the nurse administer if the patient is unable to tolerate PO? ANS: Dextrose 50% IV push When a patient has pernicious anemia, the nurse would expect to give them: ANS: Vitamin B12 *WRONG* Which of the following anticoagulant is MOST commonly administered for DVT prophylaxis in a patient who has undergone a hip replacement? ANS: A)*WRONG* heparin B) enoxaparin C) aspirin D) warfarin Which of the following is considered an antiplatelet medication? ANS: clopidogrel (Plavix) Sildenaphil(viagra) is prescribed to treat a patient with erectile dysfuction. A nurse reviews the patient's medical record and would question the prescription of which of the following is noted in the history? ANS: Use of Nitroglycerin Which of the following medications should be held today considering that your patient received IV contract two hours ago fir a CT scan? ANS: Metformin (Glucophage) The patient is diagnosed with multiple Myeloma. The physician has ordered cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). Which instruction should be given to the patient? ANS: Increase daily water intake Your patient, a Type 1 diabetic with a history of schizophrenia is exhibiting signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia, Which of the following long-term medications is more likely the etiology of the problem? ANS: chlorpromazine (Thorazine) When caring for a patient with a central line who is receiving TPN, what is the MOST important action on the part of the nurse to prevent CLABSI? ANS: Perform correct sterile technique for dressing change at the CVC site "Red Man" Syndrome may occur during the administration of vancomycin (Vancocin), primarily due to ANS: An increase in histamine production Your patient has been diagnosed with. chronic CHF and will be taking Lasix 80mg PO twice a day. When teaching about high Potassium foods in the diet, which group of foods would you recommend to the patient? ANS: Bananas, spinach, raisins