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INLEIDING ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
II. DEFINITIE ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
III. COMPLEXITEIT VAN EEN MEDISCH FORENSISCH ONDERZOEK .................................................................................... 4
IV. OPDRACHTEN FORENSISCHE GENEESKUNDE ......................................................................................................... 5
V. WETTELIJKE BRONNEN .................................................................................................................................... 7
VI. AANSTELLING VAN DESKUNDIGEN IN STRAFZAKEN ................................................................................................. 9
VII. STRAFZAKEN PROCEDURE .......................................................................................................................... 10
TUSSENKOMST VAN DE ARTS BIJ EEN OVERLIJDEN ........................................................................................ 11
I. WET OP CREMATIE ....................................................................................................................................... 12
II. KLINISCHE AUTOPSIE ..................................................................................................................................... 13
FORENSISCH POST-MORTEM ONDERZOEK ..................................................................................................... 17
I. ONTSTAAN VAN DE DOOD .............................................................................................................................. 17
II. CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION ......................................................................................................................... 18
III. INITIËLE UITWENDIGE LIJKSCHOUWING ............................................................................................................. 20
IV. FORENSISCHE AUTOPSIE ................................................................................................................................ 21
POSTMORTEM IDENTIFICATIE ........................................................................................................................ 23
I. BELANG VAN EEN CORRECTE POSTMORTALE IDENTIFICATIE: .................................................................................. 23
II. BASISPRINCIPES VAN EEN POSTMORTALE IDENTIFICATIE ....................................................................................... 24
THANATOLOGIE ............................................................................................................................................. 26
I. DEFINITIE ................................................................................................................................................... 26
II. ONMIDDELLIJKE TEKENEN VAN DE DOOD ........................................................................................................... 26
III. VASTSTELLEN VAN DE DOOD ........................................................................................................................... 27
IV. VROEGE POSTMORTALE VERANDERINGEN ......................................................................................................... 27
V. POSTMORTEM INTERVAL (PMI) ...................................................................................................................... 33
VI. POSTMORTALE KWETSUREN ........................................................................................................................... 35
MECHANISCHE ASFYXIE .................................................................................................................................. 36
I. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................................... 36
II. ASPECIFIEKE LIJKVERSCHIJNSELEN .................................................................................................................... 36
III. OORZAKEN ................................................................................................................................................. 37
NIET-MECHANISCHE ASFYXIE ......................................................................................................................... 42
I. VERDRINKING.............................................................................................................................................. 42
II. TOXISCHE GASSEN/ TOXISCHE ASFYXIE .............................................................................................................. 47
THANATO-ETIOLOGIE: FYSISCHE AGENTIA...................................................................................................... 50
I. WARMTE: BRANDLIJK ................................................................................................................................... 50
II. KOUDE ...................................................................................................................................................... 52
III. ELEKTROCUTIE/ BLIKSEM ............................................................................................................................... 53
THANATO-ETIOLOGIE: SNIJ- EN STEEKWONDEN ............................................................................................. 55
I. SNIJ-EN STEEKWONDEN................................................................................................................................. 55
II. SNIJWONDEN .............................................................................................................................................. 57
THANATO-ETIOLOGIE: SCHOTWONDEN ......................................................................................................... 58
I. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................................... 58
II. INSCHOTWONDE .......................................................................................................................................... 59
III. WAPENS .................................................................................................................................................... 59
IV. UITSCHOTWONDE ........................................................................................................................................ 61
V. INWENDIG ONDERZOEK ................................................................................................................................. 61
THANATO-ETIOLOGIE: STOMP GEWELD ......................................................................................................... 63
I. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................................... 63
II. LICHT STOMP GEWELD .................................................................................................................................. 63
III. ZWAAR STOMP GEWELD ................................................................................................................................ 64
DODELIJKE INTOXICATIES ............................................................................................................................... 67
I. HISTORIEK .................................................................................................................................................. 67
II. INLEIDENDE BEGRIPPEN ................................................................................................................................. 67
III. INDELING ................................................................................................................................................... 68
IV. KINETIEK: HOE KOMT MEN TOT EEN INTOXICATIE ................................................................................................ 68
V. SCENE OF DEATH: PLAATS DELICT..................................................................................................................... 69
VI. RICHTLIJNEN BIJ HET NEMEN VAN POSTMORTEM STALEN VOOR ANALYTISCH TOXICOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK ...................... 70
VII. TOXICOLOGISCHE TECHNIEKEN VOOR POSTMORTEM ANALYSE .......................................................................... 71
VIII. DE INTERPRETATIE VAN TOXICOLOGISCHE RESULTATEN.................................................................................... 71
PLOTSELINGE EN ONVERWACHT NATUURLIJK OVERLIJDEN............................................................................ 73
I. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................................... 73
II. DEFINITIE ................................................................................................................................................... 73
III. KINDEREN .................................................................................................................................................. 76
KINDERMISHANDELING EN KINDERVERWAARLOZING ................................................................................... 78
I. DEFINITIES.................................................................................................................................................. 78
II. WETGEVING ............................................................................................................................................... 78
III. FYSIEKE MISHANDELING................................................................................................................................. 79
IV. FYSIEKE VERWAARLOZING .............................................................................................................................. 82
V. GEVOLGEN ................................................................................................................................................. 82
FYSIEK GEWELD BIJ VOLWASSENEN ............................................................................................................... 83
I. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................................... 83
II. STRAFWETBOEK ........................................................................................................................................... 83
III. VERSCHILLENDE VORMEN VAN FYSIEK GEWELD ................................................................................................... 84
IV. BATTERED WIFES – GAYFORD 1975 ............................................................................................................... 85
V. ELDER ABUSE – GRANNY BATTERING – BAKER/ BURSTON, 1975 .......................................................................... 85
SEKSUELE MISDRIJVEN ................................................................................................................................... 86
I. WETTELIJKE BRONNEN .................................................................................................................................. 86
II. MEDICO-LEGALE DOELSTELLINGEN VAN HET ONDERZOEK ..................................................................................... 87
III. SEKSUELE AGRESSIE SET ................................................................................................................................. 88
IV. PATHOLOGIE BIJ SEKSUELE AGRESSIE ................................................................................................................ 89
ONDERZOEK NAAR SPERMA ........................................................................................................................... 91
I. BELANGRIJKE VRAGEN BIJ HET ONDERZOEK VAN SEKSUELE MISDRIJVEN.................................................................... 91
II. ANATOMISCHE STRUCTUREN DIE EEN ROL SPELEN IN DE VORMING VAN HET ZAADVOCHT ............................................ 91
III. AANTONEN VAN SPERMA............................................................................................................................... 92
IV. VAN WIE IS HET AANGETROFFEN SPERMA? ........................................................................................................ 92
FORENSISCH GENEESKUNDE & VERKEER ........................................................................................................ 93
I. ALCOHOL EN VERKEER ................................................................................................................................... 93
II. DRUGS & VERKEER ....................................................................................................................................... 95
III. RIJGESCHIKTHEID ......................................................................................................................................... 96
FORENSISCH SPORENONDERZOEK.................................................................................................................. 97
I. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................................... 97
II. DOELSTELLING............................................................................................................................................. 97
III. GRONDSLAGEN............................................................................................................................................ 98
IV. ALGEMENE PRINCIPES ................................................................................................................................. 100
GASTLESSEN: FORENSISCH SPORENONDERZOEK: CSM, AF- EN INDRUKSPOREN & BLOEDSPOREN ............... 104
A. SPORENONDERZOEK – GERRIT VOLCKERYCK ............................................................................................ 104
I. ALGEMENE BESCHOUWINGEN....................................................................................................................... 104
II. ORGANISATIE ............................................................................................................................................ 106
III. ENKELE MOGELIJKHEDEN VAN DE LTWP......................................................................................................... 106
B. HET BEHEER VAN DE AFSTAPPING OP DE PLAATS DELICT - GCP GUIDO DE DIER ....................................... 107
I. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................................. 107
II. AFSTAPPING ............................................................................................................................................. 107
III. CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 109
IV. WETTELIJK KADER ...................................................................................................................................... 111
V. HET NIEUW DNA-KB ................................................................................................................................. 112
C. VINGERSPORENONDERZOEK – GERRIT VOLCKERYCK ................................................................................ 115
I. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................................. 115
II. GRONDSLAGEN DACTYLOSCOPIE.................................................................................................................... 116
III. DACTYLOSCOPIE IN BELGIË ........................................................................................................................... 118
D. IN- EN AFDRUKSPOREN – GERRIT VOLCKERYCK ....................................................................................... 121
I. OREN: ..................................................................................................................................................... 121
II. VOETEN ................................................................................................................................................... 123
E. BLOEDPATROONANALYSE – GCP GUIDO DE DIER ..................................................................................... 124
I. GESCHIEDENIS ........................................................................................................................................... 124
II. BLOED EEN BIOLOGISCH SPOOR ..................................................................................................................... 124
III. BLOEDPATROONANALYSE: ........................................................................................................................... 125
F. SPORENONDERZOEK GERRIT VOLCKERYCK ............................................................................................... 130
I. SCHOEISEL- EN ANDERE ‘WERKTUIG’SPOREN.................................................................................................... 130
II. BANDENSPOREN ........................................................................................................................................ 131
III. WERKTUIGSPOREN ..................................................................................................................................... 132
G. FORENSISCHE BALLISTIEK – DR. JAN DE CEUSTER ..................................................................................... 134
I. INLEIDING................................................................................................................................................. 134
II. MUNITIE: DE SAMENSTELLING, DE PERFORMANTIE ............................................................................................ 136
III. BALLISTIEK: VAN THEORIE NAAR TOEPASSING IN FORENSISCHE CONTEXT ................................................................ 137
IV. BALLISTISCHE VERGELIJKINGEN: GEVOLGEN VAN INWENDIGE BALLISTIEK ................................................................ 138
V. DE SPOREN: EN HUN KARAKTERISTIEKEN ......................................................................................................... 138
VI. VERGELIJKEND ONDERZOEK .......................................................................................................................... 143
VII. BALLISTISCHE DATABANK ........................................................................................................................ 143
VIII. EXTERNE BALLISTIEK............................................................................................................................... 144
IX. TERMINALE BALLISTIEK ................................................................................................................................ 146
H. FORENSISCHE ODONTOLOGIE .................................................................................................................. 149
I. DEFINITIES................................................................................................................................................ 149
II. ONDERVERDELING VAN DE FORENSISCHE ODONTOLOGIE: ................................................................................... 150
I. FORENSISCH DNA-ONDERZOEK: GASTCOLLEGE GENETISCHE ..................................................................... 155
IDENTIFICATIE .............................................................................................................................................. 155
I. NICC ...................................................................................................................................................... 155
II. GENETISCHE IDENTIFICATIE .......................................................................................................................... 156
........................................................................................................................................................................ 161
........................................................................................................................................................................ 162
III. INTERPRETATIE VAN DNA-PROFIELEN ............................................................................................................ 162
IV. Y-CHROMOSOOM ANALYSE .......................................................................................................................... 164
V. MITOCHONDRIAAL DNA-ANALYSE ................................................................................................................ 164
VI. NATIONALE DNA-DATABANK (DIS) .............................................................................................................. 165
- Nederlands: forensische geneeskunde, forensische pathologie, gerechtelijke
geneeskunde
- Engels: forensic medicine, forensic pathology, legal medicine
- Duits: Forensische Medizin, Gerichtliche Medizin, Gerichtsmedizin, Rechtsmedizin
- Frans: médecine légale, pathologie médico-légale
➔ Forum Romanum: publieke plaats waar mensen terechtstonden (Citadel De Julia: waar
mensen de rechtzitting mee konden volgen). Nu nog altijd zo, o.a. HvA
II. Definitie
Forensische geneeskunde is een geneeskundige specialiteit die gebruik maakt van specifieke
geneeskundige kennis en vaardigheden om een deskundig advies te kunnen geven aan de
bevoegde gerechtelijke instanties op gerezen rechtsvragen, van medische aard, en dit binnen
de toepassing van het strafrecht.
➔ In ons land heeft een magistraat een vrije keuze in welke deskundige (arts) hij zal
vorderen of aanstellen om een welomschreven opdracht te vervullen en hem hierover
een advies te geven.
➔ Sinds 27 februari 2002 is er een Ministerieel Besluit waarin ze worden erkend. Het MB
tot vaststelling van de bijzondere criteria voor de erkenning van geneesheren-
specialisten, stagemeesters en stagediensten voor de specialiteit van gerechtelijke
geneeskunde, B.S., 11 juli 2002.
III. Complexiteit van een medisch forensisch onderzoek
Forensisch medisch onderzoek
- Dat kan afhankelijk van de opdracht die men krijgt, kan dat een eenvoudige handeling
zijn. De vragen kunnen beantwoord worden met dit onderzoek.
- Alles is afhankelijk van de opdracht.
4
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