NR566 Week 3 and 4 Study Outline 2021/2022

NR566 Week 3 and 4 Study Outline 2021/2022 Chapter 16: Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular & Renal Systems • Know the pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics clinical use, drug interactions and adverse drug reactions for: ACEI, ARBs, CCB, cardiac glycosides and antiarrhythmics, nitrates and peripheral vasodilators, anti-lipedmics, diuretics Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI): pregnancy D Benazopril Captopril Enalapril Fosinopril Lisinopril Moexipril o vasodilators o Not as effective for African-American patients o When combined with a diuretic, race no longer an issue o Adverse drug reactions (ADRs): dry cough (bradykinin- mediated), hypotension, loss of taste, angioedema, blood dyscrasias, teratogenicity, hyperkalemia, acute renal failure, cholestatic jaundice, pancreatitis, rash o o Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) pregnancy D Pharmacokinetics o Losartan: CYP 2C9  Extensive first-pass metabolism resulting in 33% bioavailability  Inducers: rifampin, barbituates  Inhibitors: lovastatin, SMZ/TMP, fluconazole, fluvastatin, fluvoxamine, sertraline o Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers SARTANS : losartan, esporsartan, olmesartan, telmisartan, valsartan, candesartan, irbesartan o Like ACEI orthostasis with dose changes • o o Calcium channel blockers (CCB)nifedipine cat safe and Functionally act as vasodilators, lowering calcium (Ca++) influx into smooth muscles o Two major classes o Type I – Non-dihydropyridines: affect conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node and have negative chronotrop