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Samenvatting Scheikunde atomen en moleculen (nova)
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Scheikunde pww 22021 // atomen en moleculen
wat? lading? waar?
proton 1+ atoomkern
neutron 0 atoomkern
elektron 1- elektronenwolk
Stoffen opgebouwd uit moleculen. Moleculen zijn opgebouwd uit atomen.
Atoomnummer = aantal protonen = aantal elektronen
Massagetal = aantal protonen + aantal neutronen
(massagetal - atoomnummer = aantal neutronen)
Isotopen = atomen van hetzelfde element met een verschillend aantal
neutronen in de kern.
12,01 = relatieve atoommassa
c = symbool voor de stof
6 = atoomnummer
2,4 = elektronenconfiguratie.
31
15 P → 15 protonen
15 elektronen
31 - 15 = 16 neutronen
groepen = de verticale kolommen in het periodiek systeem
perioden = de horizontale kolommen in het periodiek systeem
, Bohr - diagram:
a) O (zuurstof)
8O
2,6
b) Li (lithaan)
3Li
2,1
c) Ne (neon)
10 Ne
2,8
Covalentie = aantal bindingen dat een atoom heeft
Edelgassen = vormen geen moleculen (covalentie 0)
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