Essay
Essay general defence evaluation essay
- Course
- Institution
ocr law evaluation essays for self-defence and consent including A01 and A03
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
annagraceh
Content preview
Criminal law evaluations- general defencesSelf defence
Plan-
- Ao1
- Too generous- mistaken belief unreasonable
- Pre-emptive strike- good
- Morally right that a person can defend themselves
Self-defence is a common law defence where the use of force becomes lawful.
It must be proven that the defendant thought that it was necessary to use force which is
judged by the circumstances that the defendant believed to exist which is subjective (Dewar
v DPP).
This can be a mistaken belief as the defendant is judged on the facts he genuinely believed
there to be, no matter if it was reasonable or not (Williams). However, the mistaken belief
cannot be due to voluntary intoxication (O’Grady).
The degree of force used must be reasonable in the circumstances as the defendant
genuinely believes them to be in defence of self, another or property which is judged
objectively. The defendant doesn’t have a duty to retreat (Bird) and pre-emptive strike is
allowed (Beckford)
Under the crime and courts act 2013, there is a wider defence to householders where an
intruder enters their property. The act states that in a householder case the degree of force
will not be regarded as reasonable only where it is ‘grossly disproportionate’. The force
must be used by the defendant while in or partly in a building, d must not be a trespasser
and d must’ve believed v to be a trespasser.
It can be argued that the defence is too generous on the defendant as it is available even
where the mistaken belief is unreasonable and there is a need to protect the innocent
victim whom the defendant assaulted due to mistaken belief. On the other hand, this can
seem good because if the defence was not allowed where the defendant believed however
unreasonably that s/he was about to be attacked, then the defendant is at risk of being
imprisoned when s/he was not really at fault.
The rule on pre-emptive strike seems sensible as the law appears to be clear that the
defendant can act to prevent force and it is not necessary for an attack to have started as it
seems ridiculous that people would have to wait to be stabbed or shot before being allowed
to defend themselves. In AG Ref 2 of 1983 it was held that someone who fears an attack can
make preparations to defend him/herself.
The law on self-defence can seem good as it can be said to be morally right that a person
should be able to defend him/herself and/or his or her property. This should apply whether
the person who uses force is a householder or acting outside of a house. However, limits
have be set on what force can be used to prevent people from taking the law into their own
hands. If the limits are exceeded, then self-defence cannot be used and the person who
uses force will be at fault. However, the level of fault can be taken into account by the judge
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller annagraceh. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.79. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53068 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now