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samenvatting anatomie periode 2.2 fysiotherapie kennistoets (KT)
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samenvatting anatomie periode 2.2 fysiotherapie
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ANA-1 CWKMost cervical spine injuries in sport occured in individuals between 16 and 30 years of age. American
football, gymnastics and ice hockey are related with the highest number of cervical spine injuries.
Cervical spine injuries that resulted in permanent cervical quadriplegia resulted from a trauma in
hyperflexion (10%), hyperextension (3%), whereas 52% were attributed to a trauma with axial
loading.
When the head and neck are flexed to approximately 30⁰ the normal lordotic curve disappears. This
position removes the energy-absorbing elastic component of the cervical region. Whiplash injury also
can take place in contact sports
Cervicale wervelkolom:
- Sup. Facetten: superioposterior
- Inf. Facetten: inferioanterior
- ROM: in alle richtingen
Bestaat uit :
- 7 cervicale wervels
- Hoog cervicale WK → C0-C2
- Midcervicale WK → C2-C5
- Laag cervicale WK → C5 tot T1
- Cervicothoracale overgang → C4 tot T3
- C7 meestal de uitstekende wervel (
processus spinosi)
Bewegingssegment van Junghans (intervertebraal gewricht):
- 2 wervellichamen
- Interverbrale discus
- Facet gewricht ( art. zygapophysialis) ; zygos= brug
Hoog cervicale functionele bewegingseenheid:
- Occiput
- C1 (atlas)
- C2 ( axis)
- C3
Kenmerken:
- Ja-knikken
, - Nee-knikken
- Roteren met tegengesteld lateroflecteren
OAA gewricht
Atlanto-occipitaal gewricht ( C0-C1)
- Tussen de atlas en occiput
- Condylen convex
- Gewrichtsvlakken atlas concaaf
- Synoviaal ( kogel) gewricht
- Kommetje wordt dieper bij ouder
worden
- Geen discus
Atlanto-axiaal gewricht (C1-C2) :
- Tussen atlas- axis
- 3 synoviaal gewrichten
- Geen discus
- Biconvex
,Dens/ proc. Odontoid
Dwarsdoorsnede van C1:
- Ruggemerg
- Vertebrale arterie
- C2 dens
- Omliggende spieren
- Lig. Transversus atlantis
- Art. mediale atlanto-axiale
Atlas C1:
- Geen wervellichaam
- Ring van bot
- Arcus anterior en posterior
- Facies articularis superior
- Inferior facet
- Tuberculum posterior
- Fovea dentis
- Anterieure boog
- Art. atlanto-axiale, mediale en laterale
- Processus transversus
Axis C2:
- Klein wervellichaam
- Palpabele proc. Spinosus
, - Dens ( proc. Odontoid) ; functioneert als spil
voor rotatie C1-C2
- Foramen transversale
Ligamenten:
- Lig. Transversus atlantis ( deel van lig. Cruciforme)
- Lig. Alaria
A. vertebralis:
- Bestaat uit 4 compartimenten
• V1: extravertebrale deel
• V2: intravertebrale deel C6-C2
• V3: intrevertebrale deel C2-C1
• V4: intracraniale deel
- Medulla oblongata, de pons, mesencephalon,
cerebellum en evenwichtsorgaan)
- Verbinding van de a. vertebralis met de CWK
Diepe nek flexoren ( prevertebrale musculatuur):
- M. longus colli
- M. longus capitis
- Cervicale stabilisatie
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