Summary
Samenvatting Godsdienstsociologie
- Course
- Institution
Samenvatting van de aantekeningen, powerpoints en literatuur.
[Show more]
Seller
Followfleurhendriks1
Content preview
Week 1Literatuur
Van Tubergen 3-36
1.1 The sociological perspective
Individual perspective: Type of explanation of human behaviour which focuses
on individual causes.
Unique viewpoint of sociologists: Understanding behaviour of persons by considering
their social context (=Social environment in which people are embedded). These
social contexts can change, and sociologists study the human consequences of such
changes. They do not study this for individuals, but they study social phenomena
(=collective human behaviour). Thus, what they aim to understand is how, first,
human behaviour typically results from shared contextual conditions and how,
subsequently, this gives rise to collective outcomes.
Sociological imagination (sociological perspective): Type of explanation of human
behaviour which focuses on social causes.
How is the sociological perspective on human behaviour related to the individual
perspective? There are 3 possible relations:
Supplemental perspectives, in this case the sociological perspective
supplements the individual perspective together a more understandable
explanation of human behaviour.
Alternative perspectives, in this case combining both perspectives offer a new
alternative perspective on something happening in society.
Proximate and ultimate causes
o Proximate causes: Factors that are close to the phenomena to be
explained.
o Ultimate causes: Factors that underlie proximate causes. These
types of factors can be found out when both the individual and
sociological perspective are taken into account.
Social context can be studied on at different levels:
Micro level: The level at which individuals operate (this is not a social context).
Meso level: Social contexts at the intermediate level. Examples: families,
neighbourhoods, schools, organizations.
Macro level: Social contexts that are broader than meso level units.
Examples: Nations, groups of nations, continents.
1.2 Social problems
The motivation for studying a certain social phenomenon is when a social
phenomenon is considered a social problem.
Social problem: A problem that goes beyond the individual (it affects many people),
is an issue about which many people are concerned (it is in conflict with certain
,values). What is identified as a social problem varies from time to time, and from
context to context.
1.3 Three aims of sociology
There are three core aims of sociology:
To describe social problems
To explain social problems (what are the scientific explanations for social
phenomena?)
To apply their knowledge (maybe solve the social problems).
o Predictions for the future
o Developing and evaluating social interventions (=social policy
measures)
1.4 Three types of sociological questions
There are 3 types of scientific questions (=Question that does not entail value
judgments). There are 3 types of scientific questions:
Descriptive: Type of scientific question targeted towards describing
phenomena.
Theoretical: Type of scientific question targeted towards understanding
phenomena.
Application: Type of scientific question targeted towards applying knowledge.
1.5 The art of asking good sociological questions
Two elements for developing a good sociological question: precision and relevance.
4 question ingredients that can be considered when you formulate your question:
The human behaviour you are interested in
The social context
The period
The population
1.6 Sociology and common sense
Common sense: Everyday thinking, intuitions, beliefs and perceptions. most of the
time wrong when we try to understand social phenomena.
Differences between human beings as “private sociologists” and sociology as a
science:
Private Sociologists Academic sociology
Subject: Social phenomena Subject: Social phenomena
Private knowledge Public knowledge
Intuitive and story thinking Systematic and rational discussion
Incoherent and vague ideas Coherent and precise
Descriptions and explanations are true Descriptions and explanations can be
true or false
Little need for empirical testing Importance of empirical testing
, Search for confirmations Open to counterevidence
1.7 Sociology as cumulative science
Sociology is a cumulative science: The practice that theories and observations of
earlier studies are incorporate in the work of successive studies.
College 1 Wat is (godsdienst-) sociologie
Wat is sociologie?
Sociologie is een handelingswetenschap die menselijk gedrag en menselijk
handelen bestudeert.
Vanuit het sociologisch perspectief:
Nadruk op de sociale context en sociale oorzaken
Gericht op collectieve gedragingen
“Thus, what sociologists aim to understand is how, first, human behaviour
typically results from shared contextual conditions and how, subsequently, this
gives rise to collective outcomes.” (Van Tubergen, 2020,7)
Deze nadruk op de sociale context maakt dat de sociologie gericht is op:
Ultimate causes oftewel contextuele factoren; en niet zozeer op
Proximate cause die vaker in de individuele persoon liggen
Sociologie bestudeert menselijke gedragingen die gezien kunnen worden als een
sociaal probleem:
Overstijgen het individu (bijvoorbeeld armoede of toename mensen met
overgewicht); en
Waarover groepen mensen zich zorgen maken
Met het oog op:
Beschrijven van het probleem
, Verklaren van het probleem; en/of
Toepassen van opgedane kennis die uiteindelijk bij kan dragen aan een
oplossing.
Deze 3 factoren samen zijn de maatschappelijke relevantie van sociologie. Maar de
sociologie onthoudt zich van normatieve oordelen m.b.t. het probleem.
Om deze doelen (beschrijven, verklaren en/of toepassen) te kunnen bereiken stelt
de sociologie drie soort vragen:
Beschrijvende vraag: Hoeveel mensen leven anno 2022 onder de
armoedegrens in Nederland?
Theoretische vraag: Wat zijn de oorzaken van armoede onder bepaalde
bevolkingsgroepen?
Toepassingsvraag: Zou meer begeleiding bij volgen van een opleiding ertoe
leiden dat minder mensen in armoede leven?
Maar niet de normatieve vraag: Is armoedebestrijding een goede zaak?
Wat is godsdienstsociologie?
Godsdienstsociologie: De bestudering van collectieve religieuze gedragingen en
handelingen vanuit een socialistisch perspectief. Anders gezegd, binnen de
godsdienstsociologie wordt religie gezien als een sociaal fenomeen dat men
probeert te verklaren door te wijzen op kenmerken van de sociale context.
Daarbij wordt binnen de godsdienstsociologie eveneens een onderscheid gemaakt
tussen macro-, meso- en microniveau, bijv.:
Macro: Mate van religie in de samenleving
Meso: Religie in het gezin
Gevolg (micro): individuele religiositeit
Religie wordt binnen de godsdienstsociologie gezien als een sociaal probleem of
maatschappelijke aangelegenheid, waarbij religie zowel als oorzaak en als gevolg
kan worden gezien. We kunnen ook zeggen dat de godsdienstsociologie
antecedente en consequente relaties van religie onderzoekt.
Antecedent: Vroeger gebeurd feit.
Bijvoorbeeld:
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller fleurhendriks1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.71. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62555 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now