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Band 5/6 Essay on Social Change in Russia
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One essay which covers themes of: Education, population and social status.
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‘The Tsars had a more dramatic impact on social change than the communists.’ How far doyou agree in relation to the period 1855-1964?
It is useful to consider a number of themes when considering the extent to which the Tsars
had a more dramatic impact on social change than the communists. Examples include;
impact on education, social status and population. Upon examination of the evidence, it can
be argued that while Tsars had some impact on social change, the communists, broadly
speaking, had a more dramatic impact on social change due to their want to get rid of class
hierarchy’s in favour of communism in the period 1855 to 1964.
When it comes to education, the Communists had a dramatic on social change in
comparison to the Tsars. The tsars saw some change still as Alexander II brought in
significant change to all areas of education as he increased amount of space in elementary
schools and introduced new secondary schools called the ‘new highschool’ and ‘new
gymnasia’. With this came a doubling in pupils attending secondary schools between 1855
and 1865. Despite this, school was still considerably controlled by the Education Minister
who had final say on what was being taught and how it was being taught in all schools which
meant change was still limited. The more liberal reforms of Alexander II were clamped down
on by Alexander III who disallowed all lower-class students to attend secondary school and
placed the elementary schools under control of the central government rather than the
Zemstva. Also, Stolypin clamp down on the university’s which were more likely to have
revolutionary behaviour ongoing. He banned after school activities that were ‘non-
academic’ and Alexander III generally tried to chip away at their autonomy. Universities for
the Tsars were a burden as they were considered a breeding ground for rebellious
behaviour. They did not get rid of them as they needed educated people to compete with
the modernized West, showing the limited change. In comparison, the communists saw
themselves making major changes compared to the Tsars. While the Tsars made little
change to the social hierarchy which limited who could become educated, Lenin tried to
open this up. Bolsheviks wanted to get rid of the class system, especially in the education
system. This proved to be difficult in universities as lower class adults were generally less
prepared to enter university education due to previous limited education under the Tsars.
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