Summary
Samenvatting zuren chemie
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Dit is een samenvatting over de zuren. Alles is duidelijk uitgelegd. Ook toepassingen komen aan bod.
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5. zurenKarakteristieke groep
zuren zijn covalente verbindingen van waterstof en een zuurrest. (HZ)
zuren = waterstof (H) + 1 of 2 elementen
zuurrest : niet-metaal : binaire zuren (HnM)
vb. HCl
niet-metaal + 1 of meerder O-atomen : ternaire zuren of oxozuren
(HnMO)
vb. H2SO4
formule en naamvorming
1. binaire zuren
waterstof + verkorte Latijnse naam van het niet-metaal + IDE
formule naam zuurrest
HCl waterstofchloride Cl = chloride
1-
HBr waterstofbromide Br1- = bromide
HF waterstoffluoride F1- = fluoride
HI waterstofjodide I1-= jodide
H 2S diwaterstofsulfide S2- = sulfide
H 2O diwaterstofoxide O2-
2. ternaire zuren
waterstof + verkorte Latijnse naam van het niet-metaal + AAT
formule naam triviale naam zuurrest
H2SO4 diwaterstofsulfaat zwavelzuur SO4 = sulfaat
2-
HNO3 waterstofnitraat salpeterzuur NO3 = nitraat
H2CO3 diwaterstofcarbon koolzuur CO3 = carbonaat
aat
H3PO4 triwaterstoffosfaat fosforzuur PO43- = fosfaat
HCl3 waterstofchloraat chloorzuur Cl3 = chloraat
HBrO3 waterstofbromaat bromaatzuur BrO3 = bromaat
HIO3 waterstofjodaat yodaanzuur IO3 = jodaat
eigenschappen
in oplossing splitsen zuren het H-atoom af onder de vorm van een H +--ion
ionisatiereactie
voorbeelden :
HCL H+ + Cl-
H2S 2H- + S2-
H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-
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