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General Management Course Summary
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General management initial and intermediate level theory and models
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General ManagementCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
A business intention beyond its legal and economic obligations, to do the rignt things and act in ways that are
good for society, mostly on labor, environment and community
4 stages of commitment:
1. Legal approach: Firms only comply with legal standards that companies are emposed with
2. Market Approach: Firms repond to the preferences of their customers for environmentally friendly products
- Ex.: People preferring organic foods, hence firms targeting this niche market
3. Stakeholders Approach: Firms work to meet the environmental demands of multiple stakeholders, being
more active, as these have a business code of ethics and get labor or environment certifications from these
- Business code of ethics is a formal statement of an organization’s primary values and ethical rules it
expects its employees to follow
- Stakeholders are any constituencies in the organizations environment that are affected by an
organization’s decisions and actions (Employees, suppliers, community)
- Ex. Of Tranining and certifications → The CARE processis the international council of toy industries
program to promote ethical manufacturing in the form of labor treatment, as employee health and safety
4. Activis Approach: Firms look for ways to respect and preserve the environmental and be actively sociaaly
responsible usually in the form of political actions
- There can be individual actions from the owner of the firm, or collective ation of trade associaations,
business councils, etc.
United Nations Climate Change Conference (1992)
- 1997) Kyoto protocol for emission trading (2008 – 2012)
- 2015) Paris agreement for greenhouse gas emission implemented from 2020. It is a sort of renewal of the Kyoto
protocol
China
- On December 2020, china commited to an action plan on reaching peak carbon emissions before 2030
- Changes in public infraectrusture and city management, and transformation into renewable energy
- Carbon emission is now an important performance measure of local government and local officials
Fox Con Apple Case
Fox con apple case is the company used for ensambling all of the apple and many other technological products.
Their problem was that workers where using their infraectrusture and work areas to suicide.
¿Why Chinese manufacturers?
- Asia can scale up and down faster and Asian supply chains have surpassed the existent US
- Chinese manufacturers are skilled scaled, flexible and diligent
- “Made in America” = Trasladar all of the productions to America, even if it would create various jobs, it
would reduce the productivity and effectiveness of production. It is another culture.
Structure:
- Mega campus under military styled management = There headquarters aare divided onto techological
campuses on Chinese cities. These campuses include all type of amenities for workers to live in (courts,
hostpitals, banks, dormitorys, etc.)
- Military styled managerial practices across all levels of the factory = They think that a group benefits more
from individual workers
- Core Foxcon competencies = Speed, quality, engeneering services, flexibility and monetary cost savings
Substancial Human costs
,These arise due to the pressure set to workers for production.
- Worker’s thoughts where that suicide was the only testimony that they had only eer lived
- Reasons where for the oppressive management regime that drived workers to meet the extreme production
demands
- Labor issues associated with changing socio-cultural demographics of the younger generation workers, more
skilled and from other parts of china
- Dissatisfaction experience due to the “no way back mentality” = young workers prioritized their self
promotion and development, stronger values towards personal growth
Apple’s response
- Employee asistance program (EAP) = Offers free psychological conselling to workers, both personally and
professionally
- Helped arrange support networks and social activities for workers
- Became associated to the Fair Labor Association (FLA) a coalition of universities, NGOs and business
commited to improving the well being, safety, fair treatment and respect of workers. The FLA completed a
detailed assessment in the history of manufacturing in order to get findings and recommendations
- 15 month action plan with target dates for completing FLA recommendations as…
o Engaged consultands to provide health and safety training for employeed, improved internship
programs, increased access to unemployment insurance for workers
Whats next?
- Expanded progessioal development opportunities for workers through the “Supplier employee
education and development (SEED) program
o It offers workers calssesin topics as finance, computer skills, English language
o Partners with Chinese universities to allow workers to earn associate degrees
o SEED workers in results have higher morale and promotion than other employees
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Strategies and Strategic Managemnt
The plans for how the organization will do whatis in business to do how it will compete successfully and how it
will attract and satisfy its customers in order to achieve goals (all about how to compete)
“First to cum ap with a big “aha for your business”, then put the right people in the right Jobs to drive the biga
ha forwards. Finally, rentlessly achieve your biga aha, adapt them and continually improve them” – Jack Welch
Business model
How a Company is going to make money. It has to do with value creation and capture. The way it operates and
creates value for its stakeholders throguh business opportunities at a reasonable cost
o Business model ≠ Strategy
o Strategy is both long term, while business model is only for creating and capturing economic value on a
certain point of time
o Strategy includes both market and non market strategies. It may be something not even related to money
o Strategy is a more broad term concept
o Main tradeoffs on a business:
o Light Assets vs Heavy Assets
o Products vs. Services
o Think about profitability, scalability and sustaintability
o Business Model Canvas
, o Always include percentages
Five step strategic management process
1. Mision Statement: Sttatement of the purpose of an organization
o Customers, markets, concearn for survival, growth, profitability, philosophy, concearn for public image,
products and technology, self concept, concearn for employees
o Examples of misión statements:
o “To make easy to do business anywear”
o “Transforming banking to make it more efficient, transaprent and customer friendly”
2. Internal and External Analisis:
SWOT Analysis: Strenghts and weaknesses (internal), Opportunities and Threats (External)
o The internal analysis we figure out the core competencies = resources, technology, employee skills and
business model
o The external model is the environmental scanning = competitors, stakeholdes and makes us able to take
strategic decisions as timing of market entry
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