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Samenvatting Stem: therapie

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Deze samenvatting bevat alle info uit de powerpoints van de hoorcolleges samen met de notities uit de les.

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  • June 9, 2022
  • 40
  • 2021/2022
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Algemeen kader stemtherapie........................................................................................................................................2
Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................................2
Terminologie...............................................................................................................................................................3
Indeling stemtherapie.............................................................................................................................................3
Principes van stemtherapie.....................................................................................................................................3
Stemtherapie: hoe begin je eraan?.............................................................................................................................5
Cliëntgerichtheid.....................................................................................................................................................5
Probleemsamenhang...............................................................................................................................................5
Therapie = keuzes maken........................................................................................................................................6
ICF als basis..............................................................................................................................................................6
Indirecte en directe behandeling van stemproblemen...................................................................................................8
Indirecte stemtherapie................................................................................................................................................8
Stemopvoeding........................................................................................................................................................8
Counseling...............................................................................................................................................................9
Cognitieve therapie.................................................................................................................................................9
Directe stemtherapie...................................................................................................................................................9
Adem....................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Spanning................................................................................................................................................................11
Fonatie................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Resonantie.............................................................................................................................................................13
Psychogene stemstoornissen en mutatiestemstoornissen...........................................................................................14
Psychogene stemstoornissen....................................................................................................................................14
Psychische factoren...............................................................................................................................................14
Behandeling...........................................................................................................................................................14
Psychogene afonie: een conversatiestoornis.........................................................................................................15
Mutatiestoornissen...................................................................................................................................................16
Mutatiestoornissen (puberophonia).....................................................................................................................18
Phonosurgery – Jeroen Meulemans..............................................................................................................................21
Phonosurgery............................................................................................................................................................21
Endolaryngeale microchirurgie..............................................................................................................................22
Laryngeale framework surgery and reinnervation.................................................................................................23
Botoxinjectie..............................................................................................................................................................25
Stemplooiparese en -parlyse, Spasmodische dysfonie..................................................................................................25
Anatomie en fysiologie..............................................................................................................................................25
Stemplooiverlamming...............................................................................................................................................26
Oorzaken...............................................................................................................................................................27

1

, Onderzoek.............................................................................................................................................................27
Behandeling...........................................................................................................................................................27
Prognose................................................................................................................................................................29
Spasmodische dysfonie.............................................................................................................................................30
Kenmerken............................................................................................................................................................30
Types..................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Diagnose................................................................................................................................................................31
Behandeling...........................................................................................................................................................31
Totale laryngectomie.....................................................................................................................................................33
Larynx kanker............................................................................................................................................................33
Behandelingsmogelijkheden..................................................................................................................................34
Totale laryngectomie.................................................................................................................................................35
Multidisciplinaire begeleiding................................................................................................................................35
Spraakrevalidatie.......................................................................................................................................................36
Spreken met een elektrolarynx (servox)................................................................................................................36
Klassieke oesofagale/slokdarm spraak..................................................................................................................36
Tracheo-oesofagale spraak....................................................................................................................................38
Ruiken na totale laryngectomie.............................................................................................................................40




Algemeen kader stemtherapie
Inleiding

1. Aandrijfkracht Werking stemplooien kennen: Bernoulli
Stemplooien uittrekken = toonhoogte stijgen
2. Trillingsbron

3. Resonantieruimte



2

, ontstaan = meestal interactie van:


 Anamnese
o Info over activiteiten & participatie
o Info over persoonlijke & omgevingsfactoren
 Perceptuele evaluatie:
o Info over laryngeale functies (stemkwaliteit,
luidheid, toonhoogte, adem,…)
 Specifieke stemmetingen:
o Info over laryngeale functies (intensiteit, frequentie, kwaliteit,luchtverbruik,…)
 Patiëntenoordeel:
o Info over activiteiten en participatie
 Laryngoscopie met stroboscopie:
o Info over laryngeale structuren en functies

Terminologie
 Stemtherapie vs stemtraining
 Logopedist vs vocal coach (en varianten)
o Logopedist is een erkende titel, stemtherapeut niet
 Patiënt vs cliënt, leerling,…
 Stemmethodes en stemtechnieken
o voor stemtherapie en stemtraining zin dezelfde technieken maar andere niveau/intensiteit…

Indeling stemtherapie
 Directe vs indirecte stemtherapie
 Stemple et al: 5 groepen
o Eclectisch: overal wat aan werken afh van doelstellingen = beste
o Fysiologisch: ademen
o Symptomatisch: werken volgens de symptomen
o Hygiënisch:
o Psychologisch: werken op emotionele en psychosociale
componenten
 Taxonomie (Van Stan et al.)
o Indirect
 Stemopvoeding
 Counseling Niet kennen vanbuiten, informatief
o Direct = werken met alle componenten van de stem
 Musculuskeletaal: alles wat te maken heeft met spieren en houding
 Respiratoir: ademsteun, luidheid
 Stemfunctie: stemplooisluiting, toonhoogte
 Auditief: patiënt leren luisteren of goed/slecht is
 Somatosensorisch: patiënt leren voelen of goed/slecht is
o Verdere onderverdeling
o Overlap

Idealiter: Interprofessioneel beter dan multidisciplinair, maar in praktijk
vaak moeilijk

Principes van stemtherapie
 Stemtherapie vs stemtraining
 Voor wie?

3

,  Opstart en afronden
 Duur, frequentie en intensiteit
 Individueel of in groep
 Therapeutische interactie
 Effectiviteit

Stemtherapie VS stemtraining

STEMTHERAPIE STEMTRAINING
• Ziek → gezond • Gezond → prestatie
• Herstel naar normaalfunctie • Optimaliseren van stemmogelijkheden
• Compenseren indien nodig • Verhogen stembelastbaarheid
• Voorkomen/elimineren van foutieve • Preventie van stemproblemen
compensaties

Voor wie?




Denkvraag: Welke factoren doen
slaagkans van stemtherapie
verhogen en welke doen de
slaagkans verlagen?




dia 25: kans op succes niet groot
aangezien persoon zelf er totaal geen last van heeft

Opstart en afronden

 Stemklachten langer dan 3 tot 6 weken
o → verwijzing naar specialist (arts, logo)
 Na 6 weken logo onvoldoende resultaat therapie
o → verwijzing NKO
 Start therapie: NKO → logopedist
o Bij voorkeur snel mogelijk want gedrag wordt ingeslepen hoe meer dat je het doet
o Soms wachten (bvb na fonochirurgie: stemrust nodig)
 Stop therapie?
o Gewenste functioneel resultaat (of niet?)
o Plafond/optimale (gevoel altijd dezelfde oefeningen doen maar kan niks nieuws meer aanleren)

Duur, frequentie en intensiteit

 Grote verschillen (internationaal)
o Gemiddeld 9,25 weken /10,87 sessies/8,17 uur therapie (wel op basis van literatuur: studies)
o In België: max 80 sessies van 30 min over 2 jaar
 Beter kort en krachtig dan lang en minder intensief?..
o Beiden blijken effectief
o Kort & intensief: betere therapietrouw (blijven elke sessie komen) en efficiënte
o Langdurig: meer mogelijkheid tot transfer en generalisatie?
4

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