This Documents is a distinction criteria assignment, it is supposed to be in a powerpoint. It covers the structure of the Earth and the structure of the Sun. The Kepler’s laws, nuclear fusion and the application of Einstain’s theory of specific relativity in nuclear fusion.
The structure of the sun, the layers are explained separately (P1).
The structure of the earth, the layers are explained separately (P2).
The Kepler’s laws (M1).
The interactions between earth, moon and sun (M2).
Comparison of four gaseous and four rocky planets (M3).
The nuclear fusion in the sun (D1).
Einstein’s theory of special relativity, how can it be applied to nuclear
fusion (D2).
The Sun
o The sun is situated in the middle of the solar system with other cosmic
bodies (planets) orbiting around.
o It is a huge sphere of hot plasma.
o The sun is mostly made of hydrogen and helium.
o Sun’s atmosphere consists of several layers:
The core
o The core is the place where the energy of the sun is generated.
o Temperature = 15 million C
o The energy combined with gigantic pressure and heat push the atoms of
hydrogen together to combine in order to create heavier atoms of helium
while releasing huge amounts of energy during the process.
The Radiative Zone
o It is situated above the core.
o The heat created in the core spreads through the plasma.
o Temperature = 2-7 million C
, The Connective zone
o It is about 200,000 km deep.
o The base is 2 million degrees C
o The top part is 2500-6000 degrees C
The photosphere
o The visible surface of the sun.
o Almost all radiation from the sun is passed through this layer.
o It is where the energy generated moves freely through space.
The Chromosphere
o It is above the photosphere.
o Density of plasma is very low here.
o 1000-2000 km thick.
o 4000-25000 C.
o Spires of chromospheric gas (spicules) reach up to 100,000km.
The Corona
o The Sun’s outer atmosphere that extends to millions of km in space.
o The plasma here is very hot, < 1 million C, yet very rarified.
o The solar wind originates in the corona.
The Earth
o Earth is the third planet from the sun.
o 70% of the Earth’s surface is water.
o It is a rocky planet that mostly consists out of metals and rocks and has a
solid surface.
o Earth consists of 4 parts…
Inner core
o The inner core is solid and consists of iron and nickel (4000 degrees
celsius)
o It is about 1220 km in radius situated in the centre of the Earth.
Outer Core:
o The outer core is in a liquid state (molten), under a huge pressure.
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