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Samenvatting Systematische natuurkunde Vwo 5 - H8
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Samenvatting natuurkunde vwo 5 - H8; arbeid en energie
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Samenvatting natuurkunde H8 - Arbeid en energieArbeid (W) = product van kracht en verplaatsing.
• Kracht is constant + in dezelfde richting: W = F · s
• Kracht is constant + niet dezelfde richting: W = F · s · cos(⍺)
• ‘⍺’ is hoek tussen richting van kracht en verplaatsing.
• 0 ≤ ⍺ < 90° = arbeid is positief;
• 90° < ⍺ ≤ 180° = arbeid is negatief;
• ⍺ = 90° = arbeid is nul.
Arbeid door zwaartekracht: Wzw = ± Fzw · Δh
(Gaat voorwerp naar beneden > arbeid is positief, gaat voorwerp omhoog > arbeid is
negatief)
Arbeid door wrijvingskracht: Ww = -Fw · s
• Arbeid is altijd negatief want hoek van Fw is 180°.
• s is niet verplaatsing maar totaal afgelegde afstand.
• Bij constante wrijvingskracht bereken je warmte: Q = Fw · s
Chemische energie (Ech)= energie die ontstaat bij verbranding van stoffen.
• Kracht is constant: Ech,nuttig = F · s
• Totale energie in brandstoffen (m.b.v. stookwaarden): Ech = rm/v · m/V
Wet van arbeid en kinetische energie = arbeid die op voorwerp wordt verricht is gelijk aan
verandering van kinetische energie van dat voorwerp: ΣW = ΔEk
Vermogen:
• Hoeveelheid energie die per tijdseenheid door apparaat wordt gebruikt: P = ΔE / Δt
• Verandering in energie is gelijk aan arbeid: P = W / t
• Bij constante snelheid: P = F · v
Wet van behoud van energie = tijdens beweging verandert totale hoeveelheid energie niet:
ΣEin = ΣEuit
Oppervlakte onder (F,s)-grafiek is gelijk aan arbeid van kracht. (Ook als kracht niet constant
is).
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