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Samenvatting Systematische Natuurkunde vwo 4 - H5
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Samenvatting natuurkunde vwo 4 - H5; elektriciteit
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Samenvatting natuurkunde H5 - ElektriciteitLading (Q), met eenheid coulomb (C):
• Elektron: -𝑒 = 1,602·10⁻¹⁹ C
Stroomsterkte (I) = hoeveel lading per seconde door apparaat/draad gaat.
Meten: stroommeter in serie met voorwerp waardoor stroom loopt.
Spanning (U) = hoeveelheid elektrische energie die wordt meegegeven aan lading van 1
Coulomb.
Meten: spanningsmeter parallel aansluiten aan voorwerp.
Soortelijke weerstand (ρ) = weerstand van geleider van materiaal met lengte van 1 m
en dwarsdoorsnede van 1 m².
Ohmse weerstanden = voorwerpen waarbij geleidbaarheid en weerstand vaste waarde
hebben.
Stroomwet van Kirchhoff = per tijdseenheid gaat er evenveel lading naar knooppunt toe
als dat er van gaat.
Spanningswet van Kirchhoff = som van alle spanningen in stroomkring is gelijk aan 0 V.
- Spanning loopt van + naar - = positief
- Spanning loopt van - naar + = negatief
Parallelschakeling:
• U𝗍𝗈𝗍 = U₁ = U₂ = U₃ = …
• I𝗍𝗈𝗍 = I₁ + I₂ + I₃ + …
• G𝗍𝗈𝗍 = G₁ + G₂ + G₃ + …
• Stroomsterkte in weerstand: I = G · U
Serieschakeling:
• I𝗍𝗈𝗍 = I₁ = I₂ = I₃ = …
• U𝗍𝗈𝗍 = U₁ + U₂ + U₃ + …
• R𝗍𝗈𝗍 = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + …
• Spanning over weerstand (= deelspanning): U = R · I
Weerstanden:
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