US History Final Exam Review

US History Final Exam Review Pearl Harbor - This attack led to the United States entry into WWII 2nd Red Scare - Fear of communism MLK, Rosa parks, and Malcolm X - Leaders of the Civil Rights Movement NAFTA - North American Free Trade Agreement; allows open trade with US, Mexico, and Canada. 9/11 Attacks - the U.S. was attacked by Al Qaeda which resulted in the War on Terrorism and the Patriot Acts WWII Axis Leaders - Germany - Adolf Hitler Italy - Benito Mussolini Japan - Emperor Hirohito WWII Allied Leaders (The Big Three) During WWII - Great Britain - Winston Churchill United States - Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry Truman Soviet Union - Joseph Stalin Japanese Americans - Group of people relocated to internment camps during WWII in the United States. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) - Same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry. Cold War () - Conflict between the USA and the Soviet Union Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated. Reaganomics/Supply Side Economics - Economic idea which reduced taxes and granted generous benefits to corporations and wealthy individuals; tax breaks for the rich, "trickle down" theory Final Solution - Hitler's program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people Containment - American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world Voting Rights Act of 1965 - a policy designed to reduce the barriers to voting for those suffering discrimination; ended racial discrimination in voting rights. Berlin Wall - A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West; symbolized the end of the Cold War. Korean War () - Example of the Cold War policy of containment; battle between communist N. Korea (backed by USSR) and S. Korea (backed by the USA); ended in an armistice. Vietnam War () - Example of the Cold War policy of containment; Conflict War between N. Vietnam (and communist allies ) and S. Vietnam (and capitalist allies). North Vietnam wins after long and grueling fight. By end of war, most Americans are against it. Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) - Example of the Cold War policy of containment; CIA plot in 1961 to overthrow Fidel Castro by training Cuban exiles to invade and supporting them with American air power; the mission failed and became a public relations disaster early in JFK's presidency U.S. Homefront during World War II - Efforts on the home front during WWII included, women working in factories, rationing of items and govt. regulation of production Little Rock Nine (1957) - African American students admitted to Central High School, Gov Faubus of Arkansas prevented African American students from attending the school and sent the Arkansas National Guard to the school. President Dwight D. Eisenhower responded by sending federal troops to school and school was integrated. Westside Community Schools v. Mergens (1990) - Ordered a school to permit students to meet on campus and discuss religion because it does not amount to a "state sponsorship of a religion" Social Changes after WWII - Changes everything in American Society: Suburbia, Television, Top 40 radio, 45 rpm single, more women worked outside of the home. Non-violent protest - This strategy was promoted by Martin Luther King Jr., Gandhi, and many others instead of more aggressive tactics; sit-ins, marches, boycotts, etc. The Moral Majority - group that supported Reagan; returned to conservative, religious values