NEW exam revision Questions taken from 2011 to 2022 exam papers • Great for exam Prep. Helps you see what questions are likely to be asked (Contains Questions Only)
1.1 Discuss the formation of pus. (4)
1.2 Summarize the four major blood types and the antibodies associated with each. (8)
1.3 Discuss the major causes that lead to the development of anemia. (5)
1.4 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) causes the lack of a basic resistance
mechanism. Explain how AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (5)
1.5 Identify the major routes of HIV transmission. (4)
1.6 Briefly discuss the types of transplant reactions. (4)
[30]
QUESTION 2
During a hot summer day, you have begun sweating to promote heat loss from the skin surface.
Discuss the mechanism involved in this process in full. [10]
QUESTION 3
Sketch and describe antigen presentation to Helper T cells by B cells. (Include a paragraph
below the sketch) [10]
QUESTION 4
Illustrate the sequence of events leading to the formation of a platelet plug by means of your
own flow diagram. [10]
QUESTION 5
Tabulate five white blood cells produced in the bone marrow and all their functions. [10]
QUESTION 6
Apply your knowledge to the following scenarios:
6.1 Patient A has received a blood transfusion after a car accident. A mistake was made and
the wrong blood type was given to patient A. Explain why this is life-threatening as well as
how the kidneys will be affected. (10)
6.2 Patient B has been admitted to hospital suffering from a fever. Explain the physiology
behind a fever in detail. Additionally explain the difference between fever and
hyperthermia. (10)
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6.3 Patient C has been admitted to hospital to undergo a heart transplant. During the operation
care must be taken to avoid the blood from coagulating in the pipes of the heart-lung
machine. Explain in detail how blood coagulation outside the body can be prevented. (10)
[30]
1.1 Briefly discuss the mechanisms of heat loss. (4)
1.2 Tabulate the variants of hypersensitivity and discuss the cells involved in each condition. (8)
1.3 Discuss the mechanism used by phagocytes to kill pathogens. (5)
1.4 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) causes the lack of a basic resistance
mechanism. Explain how AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (5)
1.5 Tabulate the four most common autoimmune diseases with a brief description of each. (4)
1.6 Discuss how the prolonged treatment of antibiotics can result in impaired blood clotting due
to a vitamin deficiency. Name the deficient vitamin in your answer. (4)
[30]
QUESTION 2
You and a friend decided to go mountain climbing. You have not prepared well and the elevation
above sea level has resulted in the available oxygen in the air to decrease making it harder to
breath. Using your own flow diagram, illustrate five factors that can result in decreased
oxygenation, and what effect it will have on the erythropoietin mechanism. [10]
QUESTION 3
Discuss the neural effector mechanisms that decrease and increase body temperature. [10]
QUESTION 4
One of the reported side effects of sitting on a plane for extended periods while traveling abroad
is the formation of blood clots. Discuss the formation of a blood clot as well as clot retraction in
full. [10]
QUESTION 6
Apply your knowledge to the following scenarios:
6.1 Patient A has been experiencing extreme fatigue accompanies with periods of dizziness.
After some blood tests, the doctor tells the patient A that they have low hemoglobin levels.
Since the patient does not have a physiological background, they do not understand what
this test result means. The patient has arranged to start training for a marathon with the
hopes of counteracting their fatigued state. Give the potential condition patient A is
suffering from and explain why exercise is detrimental to their current health profile. (10)
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