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Summary of the Millikan Experiment
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Summary on the Topics: - Millikan Experiment - Formula
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Physik Millikan Klasse 11Millikan – Experiment (1904)
Ziel: Ermittlung der Elementarladung e
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Material:
• Parallel Plate Capacitor • Ruler (Skala)
• Spray bottle (Zerstäuber) • Microscope
• Light • Power supply
(Spannungsquelle)
Experiment:
• In a fine spray, many fine oil droplets become charged (mostly negative charged
oil drops) by friction as they emerge from the nozzle of the spraying device
(Zerstäuber) into the homogenous field of the capacitor.
• Through the friction in the air the droplets are slowed down and will eventually
stop
• The gravitational force pulls the oil towards the ground
• Rise the voltage (→ stronger electric field)
• The negative charged oil droplets are pulled towards the positive side (upper
plate) of the parallel plate capacitor
• If the oil droplet hovers the gravitational force and the force of the electric field
(electrostatic force) are even
➔ Equilibrium of forces
Result:
Millikan calculated the charge of an electron ≙ elementary electric charge
e = 1,602*10-19 c = das kleinste gemeinsame Vielfache aller Werte von Q
Problems:
• Brownian motion (oil drops will hardly ever • Correct g-Value (Ortsfaktor)
stand still) • The charges do not stay the
• Airflow within the capacitor same (Ladungs austausch, z.B.
• Measuring the radius of the oil drops (r3) Ballon Experiment)
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