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Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven
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Brief historical background of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven in addition to an exploration of some of their significant symphonies.
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🎼Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven
Employment
Haydn Mozart Beethoven
DOB 1732 - 1809 1756 -1791 1770 - 1827
Composing Symphonies: 1764 - 1788 c. 1802 - 1827
1782 Beethoven had
become Neefe’s
After leaving school, Born and raised in assistant as court
Haydn earned a Salzburg, where he and organist (Bonn court
living as a freelance his father were under organist and principal
Employment
musician, music employment as music piano tutor). In 1783
teacher, and staff by Prince he was also
composer. Archbishop. appointed continuo
player to the Bonn
opera.
1759: Count Morzin
(aristocrat) was the
By 1787 he had made
first person to employ
such progress that
Haydn as His father later decided to
Maximilian Francis,
Kappelmeister. tour the courts and cities
“ archbishop-elector,
Haydn wrote, of Europe to display
was persuaded to
approximately, his Mozart’s musical talent.
send him to Vienna
first fifteen
to study with Mozart.
symphonies for
Count Morzin.
Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven 1
, Haydn Mozart Beethoven
He was then
dismissed and, in
Mozart had longer stays
1766, worked as
in London and Paris, but
musical director at
in 1781, he finally found
the Esterhazy Overall, Beethoven
residence in Vienna. He
“ palace in Eisenstadt. was a freelance
was later dismissed by
In 1779, he was musician.
the Archbishop of
allowed to accept
Salzburg and began his
commissions from
career as a freelancer.
other patrons, and so
he went to London.
HOBOKEN KOCHEL CATALOGUE;
CATALOGUE: roman ORDERED OPUS NUMBERS:
numeral = category; CHRONOLOGICALLY; given in the order that
Score system number = individual including five appendices they were published;
work; I = (I-V); (K. 201 = symphony WoO = works without
symphonies; III = in A major, 201st opus number
strung quartets composition)
Did they ever meet?
Beethoven met Mozart in 1787, when he was 17 years of age. He left Bonn on six
month leave of absence from the court orchestra, and arrived in Vienna a month
later. He was about to start lessons with Mozart but was called urgently home due to
his mother’s ill health. When he returned to Vienna, Mozart was dead.
Beethoven, at 20 years of age, met Haydn in Bonn, 1790, when Haydn briefly
stopped there on his way to London where he was due to perform. They met again
on Haydn's return journey in July 1792. Haydn told Beethoven that if he could
arrange to come to Vienna, he would gladly take him on as a pupil. Beethoven
began lessons with Haydn soon after his arrival in Vienna in November 1792, but
was dissatisfied as Haydn had little time for tutoring. Haydn took Beethoven with him
to Eisenstadt for the summer, where Haydn had little to do, and taught Beethoven
some counterpoint.
Examples
S & D = sturm und drang
G - gallant style
Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven 2
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