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Migration - OCR Paper 2
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Detailed notes on migration for paper 2 OCR a level geography. All the content which you need for your exams.
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Migration, Introduction
IOM - International organization of migration - funded by UK
DIASPORA - scattering from your homeland to
places around the globe whilst spreading your
MIGRATION: movement from one country/region to another
culture
ECONOMIC MIGRANT: leaves home country for better working/ living conditions
NET MIGRATION:
+ve = immigration>emigration
IMMIGRATION: moving inwards
= popu increases
EMIGRATION: moving outwards
-ve = immigration<emigration
= popu decreases
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: move across state boundaries
Migration calculated different in different
INTERNAL MIGRATION: between countries
countries = no clear universal data on migration
and length of stay not recorded
INTER- REGIONAL MIGRATION: between countries
INTRA- REGIONAL MIGRATION: within countries
REFUGEE: forced to leave to escape war, persecution or natural disaster
2015 - United Nations
ASYLUM SEEKER: seeks to enter another country, claiming to be a refugee Population Fund (UNFPA) - 244
million people (3.3% of world’s
LONG TERM MIGRANT: at least a year population) were living outside
country of origin
SHORT TERM MIGRANT: at least 3 months but less than a year
NET MIGRATION: number of immigrants in - out
, Global migration system is dynamic; flows change in number, direction, demographic and ethnic composition
FAMILY REUNIFICATION: moving to join relatives oversea
BRAIN DRAIN: loss of human resources from one country to be gained by another
WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE
1. Time- space compression - gives sense of transport, roads, infrastructure, trade-routes and enables culture spreading which
encourages movement and enclaves = linked to globalisation and ‘global village’ and increased interconnectedness
2. Economic migrants - work, family, study (send money back to families - migrant remittances)
- Global shift in industry - structural economic change = new international division of labour = increase factories and production of g
and s = comparative advantage and FDI = causes intra regional migration
3. Retirement
4. Refugees/asylum seekers
NOT IN AI
Spatial Patterns in International Migration Flows
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
Population change = (births - deaths) +/- international migration
- Lack of uniformity among countries = difficulty in obtaining accurate and reliable comparable statistics
- Undocumented and illegal migrations
EU countries with largest net migration gain in 2013; Italy (1.18m), Germany (466,254)
Largest net migration loss; spain (265,849), Greece (52,000)
INTER- REGIONAL MIGRANT FLOWS
-
Fleeing conflict and instability in Africa and Middle East to reach Europe
-
Often travelling overland across deserts, migrants are transported and sometimes set adrift in small vessels in Mediterranean by
traffickers
- IOM said 3279 died at sea in crossings (2014)
Migration route - central mediterranean. Libyan ports - Italy South (Lampedusa)
West African] to Spain via North Africa territories (Ceuta and Melilla and Canary Islands)
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