Other
Disease Dilemmas - OCR Paper 3
- Course
- Institution
Detailed notes on disease dilemmas for paper 3 OCR a level geography. All the content which you need for your exams.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
patelshayna
Reviews received
Content preview
Disease DilemmasGEOGRAPHICAL DEBATES
,GLOBAL PATTERNS OF DISEASE AND FACTORS ENDEMIC → exists in geographical area or population
group
CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES: Infectious/ non infectious, - Sleeping sickness confined to rural areas in
not/communicable, non/contagious, epidemic, endemic, pandemic Sub-Saharan Africa and Chagas disease in
Central and S America
INFECTIOUS - mainly kill in developing countries - Sleeping sickness: caused by parasite
- Spread by pathogens e.g. bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi transmitted to humans by the bite of an
- Can be transmitted to others infected tsetse fly
- Contagious diseases are a class of infectious disease easily spread by direct/ - Chagas: tiny parasites transmitted by blood
indirect contact sucking insects affecting 7.6 million
- Include bacterial infections e.g. plague, typhoid and viral diseases e.g. yellow
fever and ebola
- Can be non contagious e.g. malaria, leishmaniasis and filariasis spread by EPIDEMIC → outbreak of disease that attacks many
disease vectors → mosquitoes, worms and larvae people at the same time and spreads through a
- Historically = main cause of death (Malaria killed 583,000 worldwide in 2013 population in a restricted geographical area
with most deaths in poor countries) - Ebola in West Africa in March 2014 which
- Developed countries - medical tech e.g. antibiotics and vaccines have infected 25,000 and killed 10,500 a year
eliminated most dangerous contagious diseases later mainly in Sierra Leone, Guinea and
- Zoonotic diseases (rabies, plague, psittacosis) transmitted from animals to Liberia
humans → 60% spread from animals
COMMUNICABLE
- Infectious diseases which spread from host to host by a variety of ways but
PANDEMIC → epidemic that has spread globally
do not require quarantine e.g. malaria passed by mosquitos
- Black death (14th century) and Spanish flu
NON- INFECTIOUS - mainly kill in developed countries
(18-19)
- Not communicable
- Black death killed 72-200 million and ½ of
- Variety of causes e.g. nutritional deficiencies (rickets), lifestyle (diabetes,
Europe’s population in 4 years
heart disease, cancer) and genetic inheritance (heart disease, stroke, cancer)
- Spanish flu affected ⅓ of the global
- Main cause of death in developed countries and increasingly in developing
population with ⅕ infected dying = 50m
- Cancer and cardiovascular disease = ⅔ of all premature deaths in the UK
deaths
- Whereas malawi’s top related killer is HIV/AIDS = infectious
- CORONA
,Malaria
- Infectious but non contagious tropical disease
- Concentrated in Africa, Latin America, South Asia
and SE Asia
- 3.2 billion people are at risk in 97 countries
- Malarial parasite transmitted to humans by
Anopheles mosquitoes which thrive in warm,
humid environments
- No malaria in drier, colder conditions e.g. deserts,
high mountains and plateaux
- Absent in large urban areas in the tropic
- US states bordering the Gulf of Mexico and N
Australia → effective public health measures
, Cardiovascular disease (CVD) GLOBAL VARIATIONS:
- Leading cause of deaths globally - 32%
- 17 million deaths a year, 80% in LIC/MIC
CHARACTERISTICS: - 85% of CVD deaths are due to heart attack or stroke
- Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan have the highest rate of CVD
- Types of CVD: (4 main - Coronary - Ethnic background - common in South Asian and African or Caribbean
Heart Disease, Stroke, Peripheral background
Arterial Disease, Aortic Disease) - Coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension and angina
- Coronary heart disease occurs when the - Incidence rises steeply with age = major cause of mortality and morbidity
in ageing populations in HIC
flow of oxygen rich blood to the heart
- High mortality rates in Russia, sub-Saharan Africa and Arabian Peninsula
muscle is blocked or reduced CVD RELATION TO LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES:
- Risk factors : - Increase in to prevalence of risk factors and lack of access to intervention
- High blood pressure - Age adjusted death rates are increasing in developed regions
- Smoking - Young people being affected by CVD - deaths within working population
- High cholesterol - Lower socioeconomic group largest rate of CVD
- Resources devoted to CVD is reduced
- Diabetes
- Sub saharan Africa - conventional risk factors
- Inactivity - no regular exercise
CVD IN ACs:
- Overweight or obese - BMI - Twice as many deaths in the developing world than developed
- Premature deaths linked to - 5.9 million people in the UK live with CVD
lifestyle e.g. tobacco - Estimated £7.4 billion on CVD healthcare costs
consumption, unhealthy diet - More likely to get CVD where you live - average deprivation (Manchester)
and physical inactivity - Variation between men and women - rates higher for men than women
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller patelshayna. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.34. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
76667 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now