RN Preschoolers_EAQ EXIT EXAM 2022

Which description provided by the parent of a preschool-age client would suggest to the nurse that the child is experiencing sleep terrors? Sweating profusely Calling out after a dream Awakening during the second half of the night Being aware that others are in the room after awakening A 3-year-old child is admitted to the pediatric unit with a tentative diagnosis of Wilms tumor. The nurse obtains the child's health history from the parents. What does the child's history reveal that will help establish the diagnosis? Periorbital edema Projectile vomiting Abdominal swelling Low-grade temperature A preschool-aged child with leukemia who is undergoing chemotherapy is susceptible to rectal ulcerations. What should the nurse recommend to the parents that will lessen the severity of this problem? Encourage lying on the abdomen when in bed. Have the child wear cotton underpants at night. Apply rectal ointment liberally four times a day. Clean the child's perianal area after each bowel movement. On a routine visit to the well-child clinic, the parents of a 3-year-old child tell the nurse that their child is a "picky" eater and express concern about their child's nutritional status. What should the nurse suggest to help the parents meet the child's nutritional requirements? Including some of the foods the child prefers in every meal Cooking nutritious meals and staying with the child until the food is eaten Serving a regular diet to the family and a special meal that the child will eat Explaining that there will be no dessert until the child eats the food on the plate A 3-year-old preschooler has been hospitalized with nephrotic syndrome. What is the best way for the nurse to evaluate fluid retention or loss? Measuring the abdominal girth daily Having the child urinate in a bedpan Testing the child's urine for proteinuria Weighing the child at the same time each day Which ages are the most critical for language development during the preschool stage of development? Select all that apply. 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years What is the best way for a nurse to interact with a 3-year-old child sitting in the waiting room of the pediatric clinic? By walking into the waiting room to greet the child By calling the child by name at the waiting room door By asking the receptionist to bring the child into the examining room By standing at the examining room door while the child walks down the hall What is the average height of a four-year-old child? 2 feet, 10 inches (86.6 cm) 3 feet, 1.5 inches (95 cm) 3 feet, 4.5 inches (103 cm) 3 feet, 7.5 inches (110 cm) A nurse is teaching a class of nursing assistants about the differences in care among various age groups. Care of which age group of children does the nurse describe as the most challenging? From 1 to 4 years of age From 6 to 8 years of age From 6 to 12 months of age From birth to 6 months of age The nurse notes that a 4-year-old child is having difficulty relating to some of the children in the playroom. What does the nurse identify as the reason that this problem is not unexpected? At this age preschoolers engage only in parallel play. At this age preschoolers are extremely dependent on their parents. Fierce temper tantrums and negativism are typical behaviors of preschoolers. Exaggerating and boasting to impress others are typical behaviors of preschoolers. What is true about a preschooler’s imaginary playmates? Imaginary playmates make the preschooler feel inferior to them. Imaginary playmates attempt to achieve what the child accomplishes. Imaginary playmates cause a child to confuse reality and fantasy. Imaginary playmates experience what a preschooler wants to remember. A nurse in the pediatric clinic is testing a 4-year-old child with recurrent otitis media for signs of hearing loss. The child's parent asks what can be done if there is a hearing loss. The nurse responds that the most common treatment is what? Myringotomy Adenoidectomy Neomycin ear drops Systemic steroid therapy What nursing intervention does a nurse provide during the initiative versus guilt stage? Teaching parents about child impulse control Helping the client decide his or her treatment plan Guiding parents to help their child achieve self-control Assisting individuals in choosing ways to foster social development When preparing a child with asthma for discharge, what instructions must the nurse emphasize to the family? Select all that apply. Limit allergens in the home. Maintain a dry home environment. Avoid placing limits on the child's behavior. Continue the medications even if the child is asymptomatic. Prevent exposure to infection by having the child tutored at home. A young child with acute nonlymphoid leukemia is admitted to the pediatric unit with a fever and neutropenia. What are the most appropriate nursing interventions to minimize the complications associated with neutropenia? Placing the child in a private room, restricting ill visitors, and using strict hand washing techniques Encouraging a well-balanced diet, including iron-rich foods, and helping the child avoid overexertion Avoiding rectal temperatures, limiting injections, and applying direct pressure for 5 minutes after venipuncture Offering a moist, bland, soft diet; using toothettes rather than a toothbrush; and providing frequent saline mouthwashes What findings should a nurse expect when examining the laboratory report of a preschooler with rheumatic fever? Negative C-reactive protein Increased reticulocyte count Positive antistreptolysin titer Decreased sedimentation rate The nurse discusses discipline with parents of a 4-year-old child. Which parental statement regarding time-out reflects an appropriate application of this method of discipline? "I send her to her room for misbehaving." "We limit time-out to 20 minutes per incident." "Putting her in a dark closet for time-out is very effective." "I explain the reason for the time-out before and after disciplining her." What is the maximum recommended intramuscular dose for medications in preschoolers? 0.5 mL 1.0 mL 1.5 mL 2.0 mL A nurse is caring for a child with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. What clinical findings does the nurse anticipate when assessing the child? Select all that apply. Pallor Fatigue Jaundice Multiple bruises Generalized edema A 4-year-old child is being prepared for a myringotomy in the ambulatory care unit. What is most important for the nurse to do when the child is called to the operating room? Removing the child's undergarments Placing the child's toys on the bedside table Allowing the child to climb onto the stretcher Having the parents accompany the child to the operating suite A preschool child is found to have atopic dermatitis. The nurse emphasizes that the child should be discouraged from scratching. The child's mother asks why scratching should be prevented. What is the nurse’s response? "Scratching causes lesions to become more contagious." "Scratching spreads dermatitis to other areas of the body." "Scratching results in skin breaks that can lead to infection." "Scratching produces changes that are precursors to skin cancer." An IV catheter is to be inserted into a 3-year-old toddler's peripheral vein. As local topical anesthetic is applied, the toddler starts to cry and asks whether the insertion is going to hurt. How should the nurse respond? "Yes, it will hurt, but not for very long." "Maybe it will hurt, but remember that big kids don't cry." "Yes, it may hurt, but if you hold still it won't hurt too much." "It will hurt a little, but I'm good at getting the needle into your arm." The clinic nurse is teaching the parents of a 3½-year-old child who is up to date on all vaccinations when it will be necessary to return to the clinic for the next set of vaccinations. Which statement indicates that the parents understand the teaching? "We won't need to come back for any more vaccinations." "We need to come back to the clinic in 1 year for more vaccinations." "We need to come back to the clinic in 2 months for more vaccinations." "We need to come back to the clinic in 6 months for more vaccinations." What is the best approach for the nurse to use when preparing a preschooler for surgery? Having the parents explain the procedure Waiting until the last moment to tell the child Using a doll to demonstrate perioperative care Showing pictures of what will occur during surgery In the well-child clinic a nurse teaches a group of parents about guidelines that may prevent Reye syndrome in their preschool-aged children. What should the nurse tell the parents? "Use a medication other than aspirin when your child has a fever." "Restrict your child's carbohydrate intake when there are signs of a cold." "Begin sponge bathing with cold water if your child experiences a high fever." "You may want to have your child immunized with a recently developed vaccine." How can a nurse best meet a preschooler's developmental needs just before a physical examination? By allowing the child to handle the examination equipment By explaining to the child what will happen during the examination By arranging for a peer who has had the same examination to talk to the child By requesting that one of the parents stay with the child during the examination A child undergoes tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for numerous recurrent respiratory tract infections. After the surgery, what should the nurse teach the parents to do? Offer crushed ice chips. Encourage the intake of ice cream. Keep the child in the supine position. Gargle with a diluted mouthwash solution. A nurse is planning to foster independence in a group of 4-year-old children. What self-care skill does the nurse expect 4-year-olds to be capable of performing? Parting and combing hair Putting on a shirt and buttoning it Cutting meat with a fork and knife Slipping into shoes and tying shoelaces According to the nurse describing Erikson’s theory, in which stage does a preschooler start to pretend? Initiative versus guilt stage Integrity versus despair stage Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt stage Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation stage A 4-year-old child with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is to undergo bone marrow aspiration. While involving the child in therapeutic play before the procedure, what should the nurse help him understand? He needs to have a positive attitude. His parents are concerned about him. He did nothing to cause his current illness. His problem was caused by an environmental factor. Which step should the nurse follow for the administration of ear drops in children of 4 to 5 years of age? Pull the auricle up and out. Place the cotton ball into innermost part of canal. Keep the child in side-lying position for 10 to 15 minutes. Instill prescribed drops while holding dropper 3 cm above ear canal. A 3.5-year-old child hospitalized with nephrotic syndrome. The child has been toilet trained for longer than one year but has been incontinent while in the hospital. The child's parents express concern over this behavior. What is the most therapeutic response by the nurse? "Your child is wetting the bed to get attention. Set limits when this occurs." "The incontinence is caused by the renal disease. It will stop with physical improvement." "This is an expected response to hospitalization. Ignore the regressive behavior and be supportive." "Your child is using this regressive behavior to help cope with hospitalization; just use diapers and say nothing." A nurse is caring for a preschooler who is being prepared for surgery. What does the nurse expect to have the most influence on the child's response to hospitalization? Fear of separation Fear of bodily harm Belief in death's finality Belief in the supernatural A 4-year-old child with Wilms tumor undergoes nephrectomy. What essential information should the nurse plan to teach the parents? Prepare for a kidney transplant. Restrict the child's intake of sodium. Maintain the child's fluid restrictions. Recognize the signs of urinary tract infection. A young child is found to have leukemia. In addition to systemic chemotherapy, the practitioner prescribes cranial radiation as part of the therapeutic regimen. The nurse explains to the parents that cranial radiation is used to treat leukemia because it does what? Reduces the risk of systemic infection Intensifies the effects of chemotherapy Helps prevent metastasis to the lymphatic system Helps prevent central nervous system involvement The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who has been hospitalized with an acute asthma exacerbation. Which assessment finding requires action by the nurse? Diminished breath sounds Pulse rate of 110 beats/min Pulse oximetry reading of 95% Respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min The preschool-age client is learning sociocultural mores. What should this imply to the nurse regarding this client? The child is developing a conscience. The child is learning about gender roles. The child is developing a sense of security. The child is learning about the political process. A child with nephrotic syndrome visits the clinic for follow-up. During the visit the parent states that the child is always tired and has no appetite. The nurse notes that the child has a muddy, pale complexion. What problem does the nurse suspect? Impending renal failure Being too active in school A developing viral infection Refusal of the prescribed medications Which clinical manifestation would cause the nurse to suspect that a preschool-age client ingested a corrosive agent, such as bleach? Choking Gagging Drooling Vomiting The parents of a 4-year-old child call the health center and report that their child has a fever of 102.6° F (39.2° C), is complaining of a sore throat, and will not lie down, preferring to sit up and lean forward. The child is drooling and looks ill and agitated. In light of this information, what guidance should the nurse provide the family? The child needs to be seen immediately by a healthcare provider. The parents should provide cool mist and continue to give fluids to the child. The child should receive ibuprofen in an appropriate dose to decrease the fever. The parents should call back in several hours and update the health center on the child's condition. The nurse is providing education to the parents of a preschool-age client who is experiencing a severe fear of the dark. Which treatment option should the nurse share with the parents during the teaching session? Prescription medication Electroconvulsive therapy Intensive therapy sessions Repetition of brave statements Which statement is true regarding the development of body image in preschoolers? They can become conscious of their size. They have well-defined body boundaries. They are not likely to learn prejudices and biases. They do not reflect the opinions of others regarding their own appearance. At which age would the nurse anticipate the appearance of an imaginary friend for a preschoolage client? 3-year-old 4-year-old 5-year-old 6-year-old Which is a later symptom of acute aspirin poisoning seen in children? Nausea Tinnitus Vomiting Confusion A nurse is planning to teach activities of daily living to a developmentally disabled 3-year-old child. What activity should the nurse plan to teach to the child first? Dressing Toileting Self-feeding Hair combing Which type of language development is seen in 4-year-olds? Names four or more colors Knows simple songs Has vocabulary of about 2100 words Uses sentences of six to eight words, with all parts of speech A nurse educates a group of parents about how to teach their children to safely cross roads and walk in parking lots. Which age group of the children is the nurse referring to? Toddlers Adolescents Preschoolers School-age children What changes are observed in a preschool-aged child? Select all that apply. Flexed thoracic spine Increased foot eversion Growth spurt Balanced and coordinated body Decreased abdominal protrusion When a nurse brings a dinner tray to a 4-year-old child hospitalized with pneumonia, the child says, "I'm too sick to feed myself." What is the best response by the nurse? "Try to eat as much as you can." "You can eat later when you feel better." "Wait a few minutes, and I will be back to help you." "You're really not that sick, and I'm sure you can feed yourself. Which does the nurse explain is true about preschoolers? They need around 1800 calories in a day. Their caloric needs are half of what adults need. They become choosy about food around 5 years of age. Their physical growth is faster than their cognitive development. Which geometric figure is often the last to be mastered during the preschool stage of development? Circle Square Triangle Rectangle Which factors influence vocabulary, speech, and comprehension in preschoolers? Select all that apply. Environment Health status Temperament Cognitive ability Physical development Which skill does the nurse explain to the parent is normally exhibited by a preschooler? Copying squares Running with difficulty Difficulty in walking stairs Jumping and hopping with ease What is the average weight of a three-year-old child? 26.5 lb (12 kg) 32 lb (14.5 kg) 41 lb (18.5 kg) 36.5 lb (16.5 kg) During a clinic visit a 4-year-old child suddenly yells, "Don't sit on Erin!" The parent whispers that Erin is an imaginary friend. What is the nurse's best action? Referring the parents to classes on parenting Providing special instructions for appropriate discipline Avoiding sitting where the child says the imaginary friend is located Making a referral to a child psychologist regarding the imaginary friend The mother of a preschool-age child tells the school nurse that her husband is dying of cancer and that she is worried about how her child will cope. As part of their discussion, what does the school nurse include that preschool-age children view death as? Universal Irreversible A form of sleep A frightening ghost A nurse accompanies a 3-year-old child to the pediatric unit's playroom. The toddler seems reluctant to select a toy or activity. Which toy is most appropriate for the nurse to offer as a means of fostering creativity? Plastic animal Mold and clay Pencil and paper Simple video game A 3-year-old child is hospitalized with nephrotic syndrome. The child has oliguria and generalized edema. What factor does the nurse identify that will have the greatest effect on the child's adjustment to hospitalization? Lack of parental visits Inability to select a variety of foods Response of peers to the edematous appearance Willingness to participate in cooperative play activities Which behavior noted by the nurse when observing a preschool-age client indicates the end of the Oedipus or Electra complex? Identification with siblings Identification with same-sex parent Identification with opposite-sex peers Identification with opposite-sex parent At which age should the nurse anticipate that the preschool-age client will begin to participate in the social side of eating? 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years A young child is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of Wilms tumor. Considering the unique needs of a child with this diagnosis, what statement should be on a sign placed by the nurse at the child’s bedside? Keep NPO. No IV medications. Record intake and output. Do not palpate the abdomen. When planning discharge teaching for the parents of a child with asthma, what information should the nurse include? Avoid foods high in fat. Stay at home for 2 weeks. Increase protein and calorie intake. Minimize exertion and exposure to cold. A nurse advises a mother to teach her child to swim under guided supervision. Which age group of the child is the nurse referring to? Toddlers Adolescents Preschoolers School-age children Which statement is true about the sleep pattern of preschoolers? Daytime naps are very common among preschoolers. On average, a preschooler sleeps about 12 hours a night. Partial awakening leading to sleeplessness is common among preschoolers. About 30% of sleep time in preschoolers is spent in the rapid eye movement sleep (REM) cycle. Which sensory function is difficult to assess in preschoolers? Smell Taste Vision Touch Which psychosocial change is least likely to be seen in preschoolers? Preschoolers suck their thumbs during stress. Preschoolers feel guilty for behaving inappropriately. Preschoolers feel happy if there is a newborn in the family. Preschoolers are curious to know more about surroundings. Which age group would the nurse state engages in associative play? Infants Toddlers Adolescents Preschoolers Which statement about language development in preschoolers is correct? Preschoolers find words such as "die" and "dye" confusing. Preschoolers realize that words have arbitrary rather than absolute meanings. Preschoolers become aware of the rules for linking words into phrases and sentences. Preschoolers accept language as a means of representing the world in a subjective manner. What is the required average daily intake of calories in preschoolers? 400 700 1,000 1,800 A nurse is planning to teach the parents of a preschool child with recently diagnosed cystic fibrosis why the child has respiratory problems. What should the nurse remember about the underlying pathophysiology? Airway irritability causes spasms. Lung parenchyma becomes inflamed. Excessively thick mucus obstructs airways. Endocrine glands secrete surplus hormones. A 3-year-old child with the diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot is brought to the United States by a charitable organization for cardiac surgery. What should the nurse expect when conducting an admission assessment of the child? Clubbing of fingers Increased temperature Slow, irregular respirations Subcutaneous hemorrhages What is the recommended protein intake for preschoolers? 1 g/day 13 g/day 300 mg/day 700 mg/day At which age may the eruption of permanent dentition begin? Two years Three years Four years Five years Which chemicals, when ingested by a child, can cause severe pneumonia? Bleach Lighter fluid Toilet cleaner Mildew remover he student nurse is learning about the pathophysiology of lead poisoning in children. Where in the body does lead ultimately settle, remaining inert and in storage? Liver Blood Bones Soft tissues A preschool-aged child visits the health clinic with his mother. The mother is concerned about the child's interaction with "imaginary friends." What is the best response by the nurse? "I'll get the doctor to prescribe an antianxiety medication." "Your child should be seen by a psychiatrist for this issue." "You need to get a developmental assessment for your child." "This is completely normal behavior for a child in this age group." A preschooler thinks that he or she has done something wrong. What feeling can result? Guilt Mistrust Isolation Shame and doubt What change is seen when a child enters from a stage of toddlerhood to the stage of preschooler? Preschoolers sleep soundly at night. Preschoolers take frequent naps during the day. Preschoolers get into the habit of extending bedtimes. Preschoolers sleep about nine hours each night. The nurse is caring for a young child diagnosed with lead poisoning. Which finding indicates that the client has suffered from high-dose exposure to lead? Blindness Hyperactivity Hearing impairment Mild intellectual deficit A nurse in the child life center encourages preschool children to engage in role play. Why does the nurse consider this an important part of socialization? It helps children think about careers. It teaches children about stereotypes. It encourages expression of concerns. It provides guidelines for adult behavior. A nurse on the pediatric unit is planning recreational activities for a 4-year-old with an exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome. What are the most appropriate activities in light of the child's develo