NBME CBSE
Bulbus cordis Correct Answer: Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
endocardial cushions Correct Answer: Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and
semilunar valves
neural crest
left horn of the sinus venosus Correct Answer: coronary sinus
posterior, sub cardinal, and supra cardinal veins Correct Answer: IVC
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein Correct Answer: SVC
Right horn of sinus venosus Correct Answer: Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
Patent foramen ovale Correct Answer: failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after
birth
Transposition of the great vessels
Tetralogy of Fallot
Persistent truncus arteriosus Correct Answer: Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of
neural crest cells to migrate
ductus venosus Correct Answer: connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the
liver
becomes ligamentum venosum
phrenic nerve Correct Answer: innervates the diaphragm and pericardium
S3 heart sound Correct Answer: Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation, HF),
common in dilated ventricles
normal in kids and pregnant women
S4 heart sound Correct Answer: atrial kick late diastole, right before S1
Mg sulfate Correct Answer: for torsades de pointe, hypokalemia (can lengthen QT and cause torsades),
and pre-eclampsia (prevent seizures)
Romano-Ward syndrome Correct Answer: -Congenital long QT syndrome
-Autosomal dominant, pure cardiac phenotype (no deafness).
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome Correct Answer: -Congenital long QT syndrome
-Autosomal recessive, sensorineural deafness
Brugada syndrome Correct Answer: -Autosomal dominant disorder affecting Na channels most common
in Asian males.
-ECG pattern of pseudo-right bundle branch block and ST elevations in V1-V3 (anterior ventricular
septum)
-inc risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac deatgh
Prevent SCD with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
, Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Correct Answer: Most common type of ventriuclar pre-excitation
sydnrome. Abnormal fast accessory conduction pathway from atria to venricle bypasses the rate-slowing
AV node causing a delta wave and widening QRS with shortened PR interval. Could lead to a reentrant
circuit and suprvaventicular tachy.
First degree AV block Correct Answer: - PRI >5 boxes/.20 sec (200 msec)
- Fixed but prolonged PRI
(consistent but long)
- normally get bradycardia here
second degree AV block mobitz type 2 Correct Answer: -PR interval is constant
-atrial conduction to ventricle is intermittent: dropped QRS without increasing PR interval length
-disease below AV node in His bundle
may progress to 3rd degree/complete AV block
Second Degree AV Block Mobitz Type 1 (wenckebach) Correct Answer: Progressive lengthening of pr
interval leading to dropped QRS
third degree AV block Correct Answer: The atria and Ventricles are totally dissociated.
-So, the QRSs and the P waves have no relation to each other.
PCWP Correct Answer: 4-12 mmHg
est of LA pressure
Williams Syndrome Correct Answer: a genetic condition characterized by mental retardation in most
regards but surprisingly good use of language relative to their other abilities, elfin facies
Chromosome 7
assoc with supravalvular aortic stenosis
DiGeorge Syndrome Correct Answer: Maldevelopment of 3 and 4 pharyngeal pouches, fascial
dysmorphia, cardiac shunt (trunks arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot), lack of T-cells, undeveloped paracortex
Corneal arcus Correct Answer: Lipid deposits in the cornea. Common in the elderly, but appears earlier
in life with hypercholesterolemia
Stanford A aortic dissection Correct Answer: Dissection of the ascending aorta
Tx with surgery
Stanford B aortic dissection Correct Answer: Dissection of the descending aorta below the level o the
left subclavian artery
Tx: Beta Blockers then vasodilators
Left bundle branch block Correct Answer: QRS> 120 msec
Deep, broad S waves in V1 and V2
Broad R waves in in V5 and V6
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Classroom. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.