Succinct and informative IB SL History summary of WW1 and WW2
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Course
IB History SL
Institution
Book
Pearson Baccalaureate
The document includes informative summary of WW1 causes, practices, consequences and WW2 causes: the failure of collective security. Hitler's war. Hitler and short term causes of WW. Hitler, Poland, the Nazi-Soviet Pact. Appeasement as a cause of WW2.
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WW1 causes
Long-term causes
1870-1871 - Franco-Prussian war – Alsace-Lorraine was annexed to the unified Germany
1873 – Three Emperors League – Germany, Austro-Hungary and Russia
1882 – the Triple Alliance – Germany, Austro-Hungary and Italy
1890 – Otto von Bismarck was replaced by Leo von Caprivi
1888 - Weltpolitik – the aim was to transform Germany in a global power, imperialist and militarist goals
1894 – Franco-Russian alliance
1895 – Jameson’s Raid of December - colonial rivalry between Br and G
1898 – German naval law to build 17 ships, to dominate over Britain
1904 - Entente – UK and France, later Russia in 1907
1906 – Britain launched a super battleship Dreadnought (means ‘feared nothing’)
Some people in Austro-Hungary wanted to form South Slav Kingdom with Serbia
1907 – the Triple Entente
Short-term causes
1905 – the Moroccan crisis – Germany attempted to deteriorate the Anglo-French relationship but
failed. Failure of Weltpolitik, tension between Britain and Germany increased
1908 – the Bosnian crisis – Austro-Hungary annexed Bosnia (formal Turkish province). Serbia was
outraged as it wanted to include this territory into their future kingdom of Slavs. Germany backed
Austro-Hungary. Russia backed up Serbia. However, when Russia learnt that France and Britain would
not help, it went back, being humiliated
1911 - the second Moroccan crisis – Anglo-French relationship only strengthened
1912 - 1st Balkan War - Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, Bulgaria joined in an alliance to draw Turkey out of
the region. Succeeded. But A-H succeed in containing Serbia by creating Albania state, thus, cutting
Serbia from the Adriatic Sea
1913 - 2nd Balkan War - Bulgaria went to war against Serbia and Greece to seize their gains but failed.
Consequences:
● Turkey was withdrawn from the Balkans
● Serbia doubled in size and had a strong army - more influence
,1905 – Schlieffen plan
1914 – the July crisis – 28th June – assassination of the Astro-Hungarian heir to the throne, Franz
Ferdinand by a Serbian. He had a plan on how to put down tension in nationalist Serbia.
Ultimatum to Serbia a month later
‘Blank Cheque’ from Germany to Austria-Hungary – Germany promised support to A-H
Contribution to the outbreak of war
Germany
● ‘Blank Cheque’
● Violation of Belgian neutrality brought Britain into the war (Britain was a guarantee of Belgium
sovereignty. Germany decided to attack France going through Belgium. Therefore, Britain
intervened)
● Invasion of France
A-H
● Exaggeration of the threat from Serbia
● Delay of the response to the assassination - 1 month
Russia
● Did not restrain Serbian nationalism
● Support to Serbia made Serbia more nationalist
, Ww1 practices
Failure of the Schlieffen Plan - Russia mobilised faster, strong resistance on the west
Total war
Western Front – stretching 320 km from the English Channel to the Swiss Alps – main front where the
stalemate was, trenches
Reasons for the USA to join the war:
May 7, 1915 - sinking of the ocean liner Lusitania
U-boat attacks from Germany
January 1917 - Zimmerman telegram – G offered Mexican government American territories in turn for
the Mexican help in containing the USA
April 1917 – the US entered the war
1918, November 11 – the Armistice – removal of Germany troops from occupied countries
war at land - trenches - stalemate - deadlier for attackers than defenders
New technologies – chemical warfare (gas), tanks
War at sea – control of the trade routes – U-boats, submarines
Convoy system was used to defend ships from the U-boats attacks
War in the air
Airships
Civilians were affected
Woman played a great role in the war
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