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Samenvatting gerechtelijk recht
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Een samenvatting van het vak gerechtelijk recht aan de KU Leuven. Het boek samen met notities van het jaar . Met aandacht voor het examen.
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GERECHTELIJK RECHTSamenvatting 2020
Evelyne Van Osta
,Inhoud
Inleiding...................................................................................................................................................................12
A. Materieel Voorwerp........................................................................................................................................12
B. Formeel Voorwerp..........................................................................................................................................12
Hoofdstuk 1. De jurisdictionele rechtshandeling....................................................................................................13
A. Materiële begripsomschrijving.......................................................................................................................13
1. De rechter neemt kennis van het geschil....................................................................................................13
2. Rechtsgeschil...............................................................................................................................................13
3. De rechter “spreekt recht”..........................................................................................................................13
4. De rechter “beslecht” het geschil (trancheren) belangrijk........................................................................14
A. GEzag van het rechterlijke gewijsde (art. 23-25 Ger. W.) – EXAMEN...................................14
b. Negatief aspect van het rechterlijk gewijsde........................................................................15
c. positief aspect van het rechterlijk gewijsde..........................................................................15
d. Gezag van gewijsde: wezenskenmerk of uitvloeisel?............................................................16
B. Organieke en formele begripsomschrijving....................................................................................................16
c. onderscheid met andere publiekrechtelijke rechtshandelingen....................................................................16
Hoofdstuk 2. Behoorlijke rechtsbedeling................................................................................................................16
A. Begrip..............................................................................................................................................................17
B. Bronnen...........................................................................................................................................................17
1. Intern recht..................................................................................................................................................17
2. Internationaal recht....................................................................................................................................17
3. Positie in de hiërarchie der normen en handhaving van die positie..........................................................18
C. Overzicht.........................................................................................................................................................18
1. Algemene beginselen van behoorlijke rechtsbedeling...............................................................................18
a. Toegang tot een rechterlijke instantie..................................................................................18
b. een rechter kan slechts bij wet worden ingesteld (“nullum iudicium sine lege”)..................19
c. Respect voor de bevoegdheid van de rechter.......................................................................20
d. onafhankelijkheid en onpartijdigheid van de rechter (belangrijk)........................................20
e. Gelijkheid voor de rechter....................................................................................................21
F. “Eerlijke behandeling” en “recht van verdediging” (belangrijk)............................................21
g. Openbare behandeling.........................................................................................................22
h. Uitspraak binnen een redelijke termijn................................................................................23
i. Motivering van de uitspraak..................................................................................................23
j. Openbaarmaking van de uitspraak........................................................................................24
Hoofdstuk 3. Bronnen van gerechtelijk recht (zie slides college 4)........................................................................24
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, Werkingssfeer......................................................................................................................................................24
A. Wetgeving.......................................................................................................................................................25
1. Overzicht interne wetgeving.......................................................................................................................25
a. Grondwet..............................................................................................................................25
b. Federale formele wetten......................................................................................................25
c. reglementaire uitvoeringsbesluiten......................................................................................25
d. Wetgeving van de gemeenschappen en de gewesten..........................................................25
e. Reglementaire omzendbrieven?...........................................................................................26
2. Gerechtelijk wetboek, gemeen procesrecht?.............................................................................................26
3. Internationale wetgeving............................................................................................................................26
4. De onmiddellijke uitwerking van de nieuwe procedurewet.......................................................................27
5. De interpretatie van de procedurewet.......................................................................................................27
B. Algemene rechtsbeginselen............................................................................................................................27
C. Gewoonterecht...............................................................................................................................................28
D. Soft law?..........................................................................................................................................................28
E. Gezaghebbende bronnen: rechtspraak en rechtsleer....................................................................................28
Hoofdstuk IV. De gerechtelijke organisatie (examen: codexvragen)......................................................................28
A. Hoven en rechtbanken....................................................................................................................................28
1. Inrichting......................................................................................................................................................28
A. Hertekening gerechtelijk landschap.....................................................................................28
3. Samenstelling: bijzonder.............................................................................................................................31
a. niet-beroepsrechters............................................................................................................31
b. Mobiliteitsregeling................................................................................................................32
4. Afdelingen...................................................................................................................................................32
5. Secties..........................................................................................................................................................32
6. Kamers.........................................................................................................................................................32
7. De alleenzetelende of alleenrechtsprekende rechters...............................................................................32
8. Het statuut van de “zittende” magistratuur...............................................................................................33
a. Benoeming en bevordering...................................................................................................33
b. Inruststelling.........................................................................................................................34
c. Bijzondere rechten en plichten.............................................................................................34
d. Aansprakelijkheid.................................................................................................................34
B. Openbaar ministerie (“staande magistratuur”)..............................................................................................35
1. Opdracht in burgerlijke zaken.....................................................................................................................35
2. inrichting......................................................................................................................................................36
3. Statuut.........................................................................................................................................................36
2
, C. Referendarissen en parketjuristen..................................................................................................................36
D. Griffie..............................................................................................................................................................37
E. Balie.................................................................................................................................................................37
1. Opdracht......................................................................................................................................................37
i. Pleiten en vertegenwoordigen...............................................................................................37
ii. Pleitmonopolie......................................................................................................................37
iii. Vertegenwoordiging in rechte.............................................................................................38
2. Inrichting......................................................................................................................................................38
3. Statuut (!!) (zie p. 137 – 144)......................................................................................................................39
F. Gerechtsdeurwaarders....................................................................................................................................39
Hoofdstuk V. De bevoegdheid van de hoven en rechtbanken (buiten strafzaken)................................................39
A. Begrip..............................................................................................................................................................39
B. Materiële (volstrekte of attributieve) bevoegdheid.......................................................................................40
1. Algemeenheden..........................................................................................................................................40
a. Begrip....................................................................................................................................40
b. Referentiepunt......................................................................................................................41
c. Materiële bevoegdheid raakt de openbare orde..................................................................42
2. Vrederechter...............................................................................................................................................42
a. Algemene bevoegdheid........................................................................................................42
B. Bijzondere bevoegdheden....................................................................................................42
3. Politierechtbank (alles is exclusief).............................................................................................................43
a. Vordering tot vergoeding van schade ontstaan uit een verkeersongeval (601bis)...............43
b. Bijzondere bevoegdheden inzake administratieve sancties..................................................43
4. De rechtbank van eerste aanleg (burgerlijke rechtbank)...........................................................................43
a. Algemene en residuaire bevoegdheid..................................................................................43
b. Bijzondere, exclusieve bevoegdheden..................................................................................44
c. Bevoegdheid in hoger beroep...............................................................................................44
d. Rechtsprekende “bevoegdheid” van de onderdelen van de REA.........................................44
5. De ondernemingsrechtbank........................................................................................................................44
a. Algemene bevoegdheid........................................................................................................44
b. Bijzondere bevoegdheden....................................................................................................44
c. Geen bevoegdheid meer in hoger beroep............................................................................45
d. Rechtsprekende “bevoegdheid” van de voorzitter...............................................................45
6. Arbeidsrechtbank........................................................................................................................................45
a. Bijzondere bevoegdheden....................................................................................................45
b. Rechtsprekende “bevoegdheid” van de voorzitter...............................................................45
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