Samenvatting Biomedische inforverwerking semester 1: Alle notities van les en nuttige informatie uit powerpoint
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Course
Biomedische Informatie En Informatieverwerking
Institution
Universiteit Gent (UGent)
Aangezien de prof niet echt een cursus heeft is dit eerder samevatting-cursus. Heb deze gemaakt terwijl ik lessen thuis bekeek zodat ik alles dat relevant was erin kon zetten. Het is dus een document waardoor je de lessen niet meer moet kijken en de powerpoints ook niet. Het is een combinatie. Heb ...
Samenvatting biomedische
informatie en informatieverwerking
Biomedische wetenschappen 2021-2022
Emma Van Pelt
,Inhoudstafel
Hoofdstuk 1: wat is wetenschap.............................................................................................................5
Wat is wetenschap.............................................................................................................................5
Charles Darwin...................................................................................................................................5
Soorten wetenschappen.....................................................................................................................5
Internationale context van biomedische wetenschappen..................................................................6
Relatie tussen maatschappij en wetenschap......................................................................................6
Wetenschap evolueert continu..........................................................................................................6
Wetenschap wordt beïnvloed............................................................................................................6
Wetenschap en communicatie: 2 niveaus:.........................................................................................7
Kennisverwerving en wetenschappelijke methode............................................................................7
Pseudowetenschap.............................................................................................................................7
Hoofdstuk 2: Inleiding tot het onderzoek...............................................................................................8
Wetenschappelijke benaderingen door de eeuwen heen:.................................................................9
Empirisme: waarnemingen zijn bron van alle kennis..........................................................................9
Rationalisme: kennisverwerving via logisch redeneren de rede is voornaamste kennisbron ............9
Kennisverwerving.............................................................................................................................10
De wetenschappelijke methode.......................................................................................................10
Hypothese: empirisch testbare wetenschappelijke uitspraak..........................................................10
Experiment: procedure om hypothese te weerleggen, ondersteunen of te bevestigen..................11
Onderzoek: reeks experimenten om overkoepelende hypothese te weerleggen, ondersteunen of
bevestigen........................................................................................................................................11
The data life cycle.............................................................................................................................11
Reproduceerbaarheid door..............................................................................................................12
Standaardisering door afspraken......................................................................................................12
Bij rapportering: ook vorm standaardisering....................................................................................13
Waarnemingen.................................................................................................................................13
Onderzoek op Blackie.......................................................................................................................13
Waarnemingen en interpretaties.....................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 3: onderzoek en publiceren................................................................................................14
2 stromingen binnen empirisme.......................................................................................................14
Reductionisme en systeembiologie in BMW....................................................................................15
Reductionistische benadering..........................................................................................................15
Systeembenaderingen......................................................................................................................15
Betekenis voor patiënt.....................................................................................................................15
1
, Zowel reductionistische als systeembiologische benadering nodig..................................................16
Kennis doorgeven.............................................................................................................................16
Nadelen reductionisme en systeembiologie.....................................................................................16
Wetenschappelijke artikels: types: primaire en secundaire publicaties...........................................17
Van experimenten tot A1-publicatie................................................................................................17
Van experiment tot onderzoek.........................................................................................................18
Van onderzoek tot publiceren..........................................................................................................18
Structuur wetenschappelijk artikel...................................................................................................18
Moderne toevoegingen....................................................................................................................19
De weg naar het publieke domein....................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 4: translationeel onderzoek................................................................................................20
Translationeel wetenschappelijk onderzoek....................................................................................20
Translationeel biomedisch onderzoek..............................................................................................20
Translationeel biomedisch onderzoek: lang en intensief proces......................................................21
Het proces........................................................................................................................................21
T1: belang goede testmodellen........................................................................................................23
Translationeel onderzoek: proces met vallen en opstaan................................................................24
Tips and tricks voor succesvolle translatie........................................................................................25
1 Management van het onderzoek...................................................................................................25
2 Verzeker een efficiënte dataverzameling......................................................................................26
3 Observeer/noteer onverwachte bevindingen................................................................................26
4 Gebruik relevante en voorspellende test- en ziektemodellen.......................................................26
5 Potentiële commercialisatie..........................................................................................................26
Succesvolle translatie vereist:...........................................................................................................27
Hoofdstuk 5: Wetenschappelijke integriteit.........................................................................................28
Definitie wetenschappelijke integriteit: FWO...................................................................................28
Definitie wetenschappelijke integriteit: KUL....................................................................................28
Research misconduct........................................................................................................................29
Factoren die impact hebben op wetenschappelijke integriteit........................................................29
Research misconduct meta-analyses................................................................................................30
Miscitation........................................................................................................................................30
Ranking van tijdschriften..................................................................................................................30
Hoofdstuk 6: Ethische integriteit..........................................................................................................32
Wetenschappelijk wangedrag door overschrijden ethische standaard............................................32
Declaration of Geneva door WMA....................................................................................................33
Scientific misconduct VS unintentional mistakes..............................................................................33
2
, World-wide recall of Rofecoxib (2004).............................................................................................34
Literatuur door industrie gesponseerd.............................................................................................34
Het internet......................................................................................................................................35
Waarom zorgen maken over wetenschappelijke integriteit.............................................................35
Wat kunnen journal editors doen?...................................................................................................35
Responsible authorship....................................................................................................................35
Beleidsplan UGent wetenschappelijke integriteit.............................................................................36
Hoofdstuk 7: Binair Talstelsel...............................................................................................................36
Binair tellen......................................................................................................................................36
Shannon’s informatietheorie............................................................................................................37
Informatie, entropie en chaos..........................................................................................................37
Biologische systemen: gradatie van complexiteit.............................................................................37
Maximale entropie...........................................................................................................................37
Lokale entropie.................................................................................................................................38
Hoofdstuk 8: Publieke databanken.......................................................................................................40
Databanken......................................................................................................................................40
Types databanken.............................................................................................................................40
Eiwitstructuren.................................................................................................................................41
Publieke data....................................................................................................................................42
Databank: Ensembl...........................................................................................................................42
Patenten en biologische sequenties.................................................................................................42
Databanken: UniProt en NCBI protein..............................................................................................43
Databank: cBioportal (cancer genomics)..........................................................................................43
Hoofdstuk 9: Relationele databanken..................................................................................................44
Databanken conceptueel..................................................................................................................44
Databanken structureel....................................................................................................................44
Terugblik op publieke databank.......................................................................................................45
Basisconcept databank.....................................................................................................................45
Verschillende manieren om gegevens op te slaan............................................................................45
Basisconcept relationele databank...................................................................................................46
Detailstructuur van een tabel...........................................................................................................46
Sneller zoeken: gebruik van indices..................................................................................................48
Structured Query Language (SQL)....................................................................................................49
Hoofdstuk 10: open science.................................................................................................................50
Geschiedenis van de wetenschap.....................................................................................................50
Wetenschap is nog altijd niet open..................................................................................................51
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