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Summary

Sumario Lengua castellana

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Apunts vàlids per batxillerat i selectivitat.

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  • June 17, 2022
  • 2
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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Las relaciones semánticas
La semántica es la disciplina que estudia el significado de las palabras y la
relaciones que se establecen entre ellas a través de sus significados.
El fonema (mental) es el conjunto de instrucciones para hacer un sonido (físico).

Signo lingüístico: Significado + Significante.
➔ Significado: idea. MENTAL
➔ Significante: como trasladamos el significado. MATERIAL

La doble articulación del lenguaje

El lenguaje lo podemos dividir en dos:

1. Monemas: unidad mínima con significado.
Perros: perr + o + s.
Perros tiene 3 monemas.
Sol: solo tiene 1 monema.
Lexemas y morfemas son monemas (prefijo, sufijo...).

2. Fonemas: unidad mínima sin significado.
P / E / RR / O …
Con 24 fonemas podemos pronunciar 50.000 palabras.

La denotación y la connotación.

La denotación es el significado objetivo que tiene una palabra, es COMÚN.

La connotación es el significado subjetivo o secundario que le damos al usar una
palabra.

Tipos de palabras

Monosemia: su significante tiene un solo significado.
Polisemia: su significante tiene más de un significado.
Homonimia: dos palabras que coinciden en significante, pero tienen diferentes
significados. Existen dos tipos:
➔ Homografía: se escriben igual (basto, basto).
➔ Homófonas: se pronuncian igual (basto, vasto).

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