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Samenvatting positieve psychologie
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InhoudLes 1 Positieve psychologie, de wetenschap van het welbevinden......................................................................................................3
1.1 Grondleggers positieve psychologie...........................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Positieve psychologie: wetenschap van het Welbevinden.........................................................................................................5
1.2.1 Emotioneel welbevinden.....................................................................................................................................................5
1.2.2 Psychologich welbevinden...................................................................................................................................................5
1.2.3 Sociaal welbevinden.............................................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Welbevinden en Psychopathologie.............................................................................................................................................6
1.4 Welbevinden bevorderen...........................................................................................................................................................7
Quinque.......................................................................................................................................................................................10
les 2 Optimisme – Hoop – Self-efficacy...............................................................................................................................................10
2.1 Psychologich kapitaal................................................................................................................................................................11
2.2 Optimisme.................................................................................................................................................................................11
2.3 Hoop..........................................................................................................................................................................................14
2.3.1 Wat is hoop?......................................................................................................................................................................14
2.3.2 Hooptheorie van SYnder....................................................................................................................................................14
2.3.3 Belang van hoop.................................................................................................................................................................15
2.4 Zelf-effectiviteit/ Self-efficacy...................................................................................................................................................15
2.4.1 Wat is zelf-effectiviteit/ self-efficacy..................................................................................................................................15
2.4.2 Belang van selfeficacy........................................................................................................................................................15
les 3 Positieve emoties........................................................................................................................................................................16
3.1 Intro...........................................................................................................................................................................................16
3.2 10 positieve emoties.................................................................................................................................................................17
3.2.1 Lichamelijke genoegens/genieten.....................................................................................................................................18
3.3 Waarom hebben we positieve emoties?..................................................................................................................................18
3.4 Hoe kunnen we positieve emoties versterken?........................................................................................................................20
3.4.1 Positief tijdreizen................................................................................................................................................................20
dankbaarheid..............................................................................................................................................................................21
Mindfullness................................................................................................................................................................................22
Vriendelijkheid............................................................................................................................................................................23
3.5 Conclusie...................................................................................................................................................................................23
les 4 Positieve relaties.........................................................................................................................................................................23
4.1 Intro...........................................................................................................................................................................................23
4.2 Theorie en onderzoek...............................................................................................................................................................24
4.2.1 The need to belong (Baumeister & Leary, 1995)...............................................................................................................24
4.2.2 Zelf-determinatie theorie (Deci en Ryan, 2002)................................................................................................................24
4.2.3 Wetenschappeljk onderzoek: twee continua model van relaties.....................................................................................24
4.3 Kenmerken ‘florerende’ relaties...............................................................................................................................................26
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, 4.3.1 Intimiteit – affectie – gedeeld plezier................................................................................................................................26
4.3.2 Zelfexpansie en positieve emoties.....................................................................................................................................26
4.3.3 Kapitalisatie van positieve ervaringen + ACR.....................................................................................................................26
4.4 Positieve ervarinen binnen relaties versterken........................................................................................................................27
4.4.1 Actief luisteren...................................................................................................................................................................27
4.4.2 Actief constructief reageren op positieve verhalen...........................................................................................................27
4.4.3 Focus op sterke kanten......................................................................................................................................................27
4.4.4 Constructief reageren op ongewenst gedrag....................................................................................................................28
4.4.5 Compassievol luisteren naar anderen bij beschuldiging/agressie.....................................................................................28
4.4.6 Vergeven............................................................................................................................................................................28
les 5: Geluk, welbevinden en flow......................................................................................................................................................30
5.1 Geluk en welbevinden...............................................................................................................................................................30
5.1.1 Wat is nodig om gelukkig te zijn?.......................................................................................................................................30
5.1.2 Geluk (Seligman,2005).......................................................................................................................................................30
5.1.3 Evenwicht...........................................................................................................................................................................31
5.2 Flow...........................................................................................................................................................................................31
5.2.1 Wat is flow?........................................................................................................................................................................31
5.2.2 Bouwstenen van de flowervaring......................................................................................................................................31
5.2.3 Kenmerken van flow..........................................................................................................................................................31
5.2.4 Autotelische persoonlijkheid.............................................................................................................................................33
5.2.5 Hoe kun je flow ervaren?...................................................................................................................................................33
les 6 Omgaan met onplezierige emoties.............................................................................................................................................34
6.1 Onplezirige ervaringen erkennen..............................................................................................................................................34
6.2 Emotionele reactiepatronen.....................................................................................................................................................34
6.2.1 het nut van emoties...........................................................................................................................................................34
6.2.2 Basisemoties.......................................................................................................................................................................34
6.2.3 Destructieve en constructieve emotionele reacties..........................................................................................................34
6.2.4 Ontstaan van destructieve emotionele reactiepatronen..................................................................................................35
6.3 Emotieregulatie.........................................................................................................................................................................35
6.3.1 Wat is het?.........................................................................................................................................................................35
6.3.2 Verloop van een emotionele reactie..................................................................................................................................35
6.3.3 Emotieregulatie via mindfulness........................................................................................................................................36
6.4 Emotieregulerende methoden..................................................................................................................................................36
les 7 Posttraumatische groei en veerkracht........................................................................................................................................36
7.1 Proces van posttraumatische groei...........................................................................................................................................36
7.1.1 Traumatische gebeurtenis: gevolgen.................................................................................................................................37
7.1.2 Victor Frankl.......................................................................................................................................................................37
7.1.3 Spiritualiteit als bron van veerkracht.................................................................................................................................37
7.2 Empirisch onderzoek.................................................................................................................................................................38
2
, 7.2.1 Posttraumatische groei......................................................................................................................................................38
7.2.2 Posttraumatische groei en ziektes zoals kanker................................................................................................................38
7.2.3 Waardoor wordt posttraumatische groei bevorderd?......................................................................................................38
7.2.4 Psychologische veerkracht.................................................................................................................................................38
7.2.5 Hoog-veerkrachtige mensen (Tugade en Frederickson, 2004)..........................................................................................39
7.3 Interventies...............................................................................................................................................................................39
7.3.1 1e praten en schrijven........................................................................................................................................................39
7.3.2 2e rituelen...........................................................................................................................................................................39
7.3.3 3e Focus op het positieve...................................................................................................................................................39
7.3.4 4e Toekomstprojecties........................................................................................................................................................39
7.3.5 Belangrijke kanttekeningen / aandachtspunten:...............................................................................................................40
LES 1 POSITIEVE PSYCHOLOGIE, DE WETENSCHAP VAN HET WELBEVINDEN
3
, 1.1 GRONDLEGGERS POSITIEVE PSYCHOLOGIE
Martin Seligman
Het Nikki principe:
- Focus op het positieve, wat goed loopt
- Focus op sterke kanten als vertrekpunt voor verandering en opvoeding, niet de problemen, gebreken
of tekortkomingen”
→ Kan er een psychologische wetenschap bestaan die over de ‘positieve dingen’ in het leven gaat?
- Wat maakt mensen gelukkig↔ ongelukkig
- Wat zijn iemands sterktes ↔ tekorten
- Wat doet iemand optimaal functioneren
→Hoe kunnen mensen tot ‘floreren’ komen?
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
- FLOW (zie hoorcollege mevr. Casselman)
- = zodanig bezig zijn dat je andere prikkels niet meer opdeelt
- Onderzoek gestart bij wetenschappers, creatieve mensen,…
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